小麦玉米田耕作模式的防风蚀效果

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00088

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过风洞实验，在5个风速下对6种耕作方式下农田土壤风蚀速率、0~20 cm风沙流结构进行了模拟研究。结果表明：保护性耕作土壤风蚀速率较传统耕作平均降低20%~40%；保护性耕作和传统耕作条件下土壤风蚀速率均随风速的增大呈幂函数递增，但在传统耕作条件下递增较快；风速14 m·s^-1是荒漠绿洲农田土壤风蚀加剧转折点，当风速>14 m·s^-1时保护性耕作下风蚀速率较传统耕作明显降低；0~20 cm内，传统耕作和保护性耕作下输沙率与高度分别呈线性和指数关系，保护性耕作下0~4 cm输沙量和输沙量百分比（Q_0~4/Q_0~20）均低于传统耕作。

关键词: 免耕轮作, 间作, 土壤风蚀, 风洞实验, 风沙流结构

Abstract: Through wind tunnel experiment, the rate of soil wind erosion and blown sand structure under condition of conservational tillage and conventional tillage were studied. The results indicated that:The mean rates of soil wind erosion under conservational tillage were 20 to 40 percent less than that under conventional tillage. A power functions was found between the rate of wind erosion and wind velocity in the eight simulated tillage conditions, and the rate of wind erosion increased faster with the increasing wind velocity under conventional tillage. Wind velocity of 14 m·s^-1 was the significant point to aggravate soil wind erosion, while conservational tillage greatly decreased the rate of soil wind erosion when the wind velocity beyond 14 m·s^-1. In the height of 0-20 cm, the sand transport rate under conventional tillage decreased within increasing height by a negative line function, while negative exponential functions were founded under conservational tillage. Under conservational tillage, the total volume of sand transport in 0-4 cm and sand transport percent between 0-4 cm and 0-20 cm were less than that under conventional tillage.

Key words: no tillage with crop rotation, intercropping, soil wind erosion, wind tunnel test, structure of wind-sand flow

中图分类号:

X169

杨彩红, 冯福学, 柴强, 耿艳香, 伏星舟. 小麦玉米田耕作模式的防风蚀效果[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(4): 9-15.

Yang Caihong, Feng Fuxue, Chai Qiang, Geng Yanxiang, Fu Xingzhou. Soil Wind Erosion in Wheat/Maize Intercropping with Zero Tillage and Straw Retention[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(4): 9-15.

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