吉兰泰盐湖风沙防护林体系建立35 a以来防沙效益评估

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00130

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以吉兰泰盐湖风沙防护林体系为研究对象，在2017年5月初一次强风沙尘天气下，对防护林体系不同下垫面地表0~0.5 m高度风沙流通量进行了监测，并评估了防护林体系建立35 a以后的防护效果。结果表明：（1）吉兰泰盐湖防护林体系内外，林带盖度增加使得地表风速降低更加明显。不同下垫面的总输沙量流动沙垄 > 白刺灌丛 > 盐湖湖心 > 盐碱滩地 > 防护林带，防护林带内总输沙量仅为流动沙垄的5.96%，林带内部输沙量相对于流动沙垄的降低比例为建立初期的4倍。（2）受防护林带的影响，林带内风沙流趋于贴近地表，超过84.70%的输沙量均在地表0.3 m高度内，7.36%~87.34%的输沙量在0.1 m高度内。（3）根据风沙流特征值计算结果，风沙流在经过防护林体系时发生2次蚀积转换，流动沙垄及盐湖湖心以风蚀为主，白刺灌丛、防护林带、盐碱滩地以积沙为主。历经35 a发展后，防护林体系内地表输沙量相比对照沙垄降低更加明显。据1986年在7.0 m·s^-1风速下的监测记录，林带内输沙量为流动沙垄的22.22%，而如今林带内输沙量为0.1 kg·m^-2·min^-1，仅为流动沙垄的4.54%，相比建立初期，防护林带阻沙作用更为显著。

关键词: 风沙流结构, 防护林体系, 下垫面, 吉兰泰盐湖

Abstract: In this paper, we take the forest shelterbelt system around Jilantai Salt Lake as the research object, to assess its shelter effect after 35 years running. During a strong dust event in May of 2017, the sand transport above the different underlying surfaces (0-0.50 m) around the shelterbelt system were monitored. We reevaluated the protective effectiveness of the shelterbelt system. The results indicated that the total sediment transport fluxes reduced as the following sequence:active longitudinal dune > Nitraria Tangutorum vegetated dune > salt lake > lakeshore > shelterbelts. With the increasing of the forest coverage, the surface wind speed decreased more obviously, the total amount of sediment transport flux in the shelterbelt was only 5.96% of the active longitudinal dune. The now days' decrease proportion of sediment transport in the forest belt to the active longitudinal dune was 4 times of that 35 years' ago. Over 84.70% of the sediment transport in the shelter system was within 0.3 meters above the ground surface, and 7.36%-87.34% was concentrated within 0.1 meter. Based on the results of the sand flow eigenvalue, the sand flow occurred twice conversions between wind erosion and deposition during the shelterbelt system, the active longitudinal dune showed erosion, the Nitraria Tangutorum vegetated dune, shelter forest and lakeshore showed deposition, while the salt lake turned to be erosion again. In 1986, the amount of sand transported in the shelterbelt was 22.22% of the active longitudinal dune. While in 2017, it decreased to 4.54%. After 35 years running, the sand-trapping efficiency of the shelterbelt system around Jilantai Salt Lake was getting more and more effective.

Key words: sand transport structure, shelterbelt system, underlying surface, Jilantai Salt Lake

中图分类号:

S714.7

丁延龙, 汪季, 胡生荣, 高永, 孙晓瑞, 刘斌, 杨黎明, 沈桂露. 吉兰泰盐湖风沙防护林体系建立35 a以来防沙效益评估[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(5): 111-119.

Ding Yanlong, Wang Ji, Hu Shengrong, Gao Yong, Sun Xiaorui, Liu Bin, Yang Liming, Shen Guilu. Shelter Effect of the Forest Shelterbelt System around Jilantai Salt Lake after 35y's Running[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(5): 111-119.

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