半干旱区不同类型沙丘风沙流结构特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00092

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用两种阶梯式集沙仪和小型气象站于2017年4—5月对科尔沁沙地流动沙丘、半固定沙丘和固定沙丘0~75 cm气流层风沙流的总输沙量、输沙率、粒径组成分布和风蚀特征值进行了观测。结果表明：（1）随着高度增加，总输沙量下降，随着风速增加，总输沙量上升；92.20%~95.60%的输沙量发生在0~21 cm高度。（2）总输沙率（Q）流动沙丘>半固定沙丘>固定沙丘，将Q与地上200 cm风速进行函数拟合，流动沙丘幂函数最佳（R²=0.986），半固定（R²=0.990）和固定沙丘（R²=0.956）指数函数最佳。（3）将各高度的输沙率与地上200 cm风速进行函数拟合，流动沙丘（R²≥0.905）和半固定沙丘（R²≥0.968）拟合度幂函数好于指数函数，固定沙丘（R²≥0.923）指数函数优于幂函数。（4）在一定高度下，3类沙丘输沙率均随着风速的增加而增加；在一定风速下，输沙率随着高度的增加而逐渐递减。（5）3类沙丘的特征值随着风速的增加呈现出逐渐递增的趋势；流动沙丘以λ>1为主，表现出持续侵蚀输送沙粒的能力；半固定沙丘当风速>9.0 m·s^-1时逐渐出现侵蚀状态；固定沙丘以λ<1为主，近地表风沙以堆积状态为主。（6）3类沙丘主要由粒径为0.1~0.25 mm的细沙构成，在0~30 cm高度，细沙占输沙量的50.09%~85.11%，在30~75 cm高度，细沙占输沙量的43.53%~75.53%。

关键词: 风沙流结构, 粒度组成, 输沙率, 科尔沁沙地

Abstract: Based on measured data from sand traps and weather station from April to May in 2017, aeolian sediment flux structure at 0-75 cm is analyzed over three typical types of underlying surface which included moving dune, semi-fixed dune and fixed dune in Korqin Sandy Land. The results showed:(1)The percentage of total sand transport flux decreased with the increase of height while the percentage of total sand transport flux increased with the increase of wind speeds, and 92.20%-95.60% of the total sand transport flux was distributed within the height 0-21 cm.(2)The total sand transport rate sequences are moving dune>semi-fixed dune> fixed dune. When both the total sand transport rate and the wind speeds at height of 200 cm are calculated through function fitting analysis, moving dune present the power function relation, and semi-fixed dune and fixed dune present the exponential function relation.(3)When both the sand transport rate at the each level and the wind speeds at height of 200 cm are calculated through function fitting analysis, the proposed power function of moving dune(R² ≥ 0.9045) and semi-fixed dune(R² ≥ 0.9681) is better than exponential function, and the exponential function of fixed dune(R² ≥ 0.9230) is better than the power function.(4)At certain height, the sand transport rate of three types of sand dunes increases with the increase of wind speed. Under certain wind speed conditions, the sand transport rate decreased with the increase of the height.(5)The characteristic values of the three types of dunes with the increase of wind speed present a gradually increasing trend, moving dune(λ>1) still have the ability of erosion surface to continue transport sand particle; The semi-fixed dune showed a gradually weak erosion state when the wind speed was over 9.0 m·s^-1. The the surface of fixed dune(λ<1) is mainly accumulated.(6)The three types of sand dunes are composed of fine particles from 0.1 mm to 0.25 mm, and the sediment yield is 50.09%-85.11% at the height of 0-30 cm, and the sediment yield is 43.53%-75.53% at the 30-75 cm height.

Key words: aeolian sediment flux structure, particle size distribution, sand transport rate, Korqin Sandy Land

中图分类号:

P931.3

杨欢, 李玉强, 王旭洋, 牛亚毅, 龚相文, 余沛东. 半干旱区不同类型沙丘风沙流结构特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(6): 1144-1152.

Yang Huan, Li Yuqiang, Wang Xuyang, Niu Yayi, Gong Xiangwen, Yu Peidong. Characteristics of Aeolian Sediment Flux Structure over Different Underlying Surfaces in Semi-arid Area[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(6): 1144-1152.

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