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中国沙漠 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 173-180.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00121

• • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤含水率对风沙流结构及风蚀量的影响

陈银萍1(), 曹雯婕1, 余沛东1, 杨欢2, 王旭洋3, 李玉强3   

  1. 1.兰州交通大学 环境与市政工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.兰州大学 草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
    3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-02 修回日期:2020-11-18 出版日期:2021-03-20 发布日期:2021-03-26
  • 作者简介:陈银萍(1974—),女,甘肃榆中人,博士,教授,主要从事环境生态学研究。E-mail: yinpch@mail.lzjtu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500901);国家自然科学基金项目(31971466)

The effects of soil water content on sand flow structure and wind erosion amount with wind tunnel experiment in semi-arid area

Yinping Chen1(), Wenjie Cao1, Peidong Yu1, Huan Yang2, Xuyang Wang3, Yuqiang Li3   

  1. 1.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
    3.Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2020-09-02 Revised:2020-11-18 Online:2021-03-20 Published:2021-03-26

摘要:

通过对科尔沁沙地典型生境(流动沙丘、沙质草地和农田)的土壤进行风洞试验,分析了不同含水率下3类土壤的风沙流结构、输沙率及总输沙量的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)不同含水率下,3类土壤的输沙率随高度的增加均呈现减小趋势,且有良好的指数函数关系。(2)随含水率的增加,流动沙丘和沙质草地土壤风沙流沙粒的平均跃移高度增加、0—12 cm的输沙率占总输沙率之比增加,农田土壤则相反。(3)不同风速下,3类土壤输沙量与含水率的关系可用指数函数或三次函数关系来描述。(4)基于不同风速下输沙量随含水率增加的斜率变化程度,可将含水率分为3个区间:平稳下降区间、跃变区间和衰弱区间;流动沙丘、沙质草地和农田土壤的含水率跃变区间分别为0.79%—1.01%、1.14%—1.72%和2.77%—4.44%。(5)随土壤含水率上升,总输沙量大小排序发生变化:0.00—0.76%时流动沙丘>沙质草地>农田,0.76%—1.35%时沙质草地>流动沙丘>农田,1.35%以上时农田>沙质草地>流动沙丘。

关键词: 风沙流, 含水率, 风蚀, 风洞, 科尔沁沙地

Abstract:

By conducting wind tunnel experiment on soils of three typical habitats (mobile dune, sandy grassland, and farmland) in the Horqin Sandy Land, the sand flow structure, sediment transport rate, and total sediment transport amount were analyzed under different soil water contents. The results showed that: (1) The sediment transport rate of three soil types decreased with the increase of height under different water content, and had a good exponential function relationship. (2) With the increase of water content, the average jump height of wind-quicksand for the soils of mobile dune and sandy grassland increased, and the ratio of sand transport rate of 0-12 cm to total sediment transport rate increased, while the soil of farmland showed the opposite trend. (3) The relationship between sediment transport amount and water content at different wind speeds for three types of soil can be described as an exponential function or a cubic function relationship. (4) Based on the variation degree of sediment transport amount with the increase of water content at different wind speeds, the water content can be divided into three sections: stable decline interval, jump interval, and weakening interval. The jump interval of soil water content of mobile dune, sandy grassland, and farmland was 0.79%-1.01%, 1.14%-1.72%, and 2.77%-4.44%, respectively. (5) With the increase of soil water content, the order of total sediment transport amount changed among the soils, which was mobile dune > sandy grassland > farmland at the range of 0.00-0.76%, sandy grassland > mobile dune > farmland with at 0.76%-1.35%, and farmland > sandy grassland > mobile dune with the water content above 1.35%.

Key words: sand flow, water content, wind erosion, wind tunnel, Horqin Sandy Land

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