风蚀事件中农田土壤PM10释放特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00114

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地表风蚀导致的粉尘释放涉及全球变化研究的热点。自然条件下对粉尘释放的观测可以为风洞试验结果提供验证并为开发预测模型提供数据支撑与关键参数。本研究在河北坝上风蚀区，通过观测风蚀事件中农田近地表PM₁₀浓度、垂直通量与流失通量，以及风速和风沙流强度的变化，探讨农田风蚀过程中的粉尘释放特征。结果表明：地表风蚀释尘对近地表粉尘浓度的影响随高度增大而逐渐减弱，各高度的粉尘浓度变化趋势与摩阻风速、输沙率变化趋势相同；粉尘垂直通量和流失通量与摩阻风速呈幂函数关系，与输沙率呈线性关系；农田土壤跃移颗粒的轰击效率α数量级为10^-7m^-1。

关键词: 粉尘释放, 农田风蚀, PM₁₀垂直通量, PM₁₀流失通量

Abstract: As the starting point of the dust cycle, dust emission caused by wind erosions is one of the hot issues related to global change. Observations of dust emission under natural conditions can provide validations for wind tunnel results and data support, as well as key parameters, for developing prediction models. To reveal the characteristics of dust emission from farmland in the process of soil wind erosion, this study conducted a field observation of PM₁₀ concentration, vertical flux and loss flux in the near surface layer in Bashang regions, Hebei province. Wind speed and sand transport were measured simultaneously. The results show that the effect of dust emission induced by local wind erosion on the dust concentration gradually decreases with increasing height above the ground. Dust concentration at different heights varied in the same trend with that of friction wind speed and sand transport rate in the process of wind erosion. Dust emission has a power function relationship with the friction velocity and a linear relationship with the sand transport rate. The bombardment efficiency of the cultivated soil is on the order of 10^-7 m^-1.

Key words: dust emission, farmland wind erosion, PM₁₀ vertical flux, PM₁₀ loss flux

中图分类号:

岑松勃, 张春来, 代豫杰, 张慧, 刘欣宇, 李庆, 黄玉虎. 风蚀事件中农田土壤PM₁₀释放特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(3): 145-150.

Cen Songbo, Zhang Chunlai, Dai Yujie, Zhang Hui, Liu Xinyu, Li Qing, Huang Yuhu. Characteristics of PM₁₀ emission from farmland during a wind erosion event[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(3): 145-150.

参考文献

[1] Aimar S B,Mendez M J,Funk R,et al.Soil properties related to potential particulate matter emissions (PM₁₀) of sandy soils[J].Aeolian Research,2012,3(4):437-443.
[2] Larney F J,Bullock M S,Janzen H H,et al.Wind erosion effects on nutrient redistribution and soil productivity[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,53(2):133-140.
[3] 黄宁,辜艳丹.粉尘释放和沉积机制的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(11):1175-1184.
[4] Chepil W S,Woodruff N P.Sedimentary characteristics of dust storms.part II.visibility and dust concentration[J].American Journal of Science,1957,255:104-114.
[5] Hoffmann C,Funk R.Diurnal changes of PM₁₀-emission from arable soils in NE-Germany[J].Aeolian Research,2015,17:117-127.
[6] Chow J C,Watson J G,Houck J E,et al.A laboratory resuspension chamber to measure fugitive dust size distributions and chemical compositions[J].Atmospheric Environment,1994,28(21):34-63.
[7] Korcz M,Fudala J,Klis C.Estimation of wind blown dust in Europe and its vicinity[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43:1410-1420.
[8] Avecilla F,Panebianco J E,Buschiazzo D E.A wind-tunnel study on saltation and PM₁₀emission from agricultural soils[J].Aeolian Research,2016,22:73-83.
[9] Kok J F,Parteli E J R,Michaels T I,et al.The physics of wind-blown sand and dust[J].Reports on Progress in Physics Physical Society,2012,75(10):20.
[10] Shao Y,McTainsh G H,Leys J F.Efficiency of sediment samplers for wind erosion measurement[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,1993,31(4):519-531.
[11] Shao Y.Simplification of a dust emission scheme and comparison with data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004,109(D10):D10202.
[12] Zobeck T M,Pelt R S V.Wind-induced dust generation and transport mechanics on a bare agricultural field[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,132(1):26-38.
[13] Gillette D A,Fryrear D W,Gill T E,et al.Relation of vertical flux of particles smaller than 10μm to total aeolian horizontal mass flux at Owens Lake[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1997,102(D22):26009-26015.
[14] Houser C A,Nickling W G.The emission and vertical flux of particulate matter <10μm from a disturbed clay-crusted surface[J].Sedimentology,2001,48(2):255-267.
[15] Singh P,Sharratt B,Schillinger W F.Wind erosion and PM₁₀ emission affected by tillage systems in the world's driest rainfed wheat region[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2012,124:219-225.
[16] 苑依笑,王仁德,常春平,等.坝上地区不同年限退耕工程对土壤的保护作用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(9):84-89.
[17] 张志栋,常春平,郭中领,等.河北坝上农田、退耕地和天然草地土壤的可风蚀性[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(1):85-91.
[18] Shao Y.Physics and Modelling of Wind Erosion[M].Dordrecht,Netherlands:Kluwer Academic,2009:212.
[19] 王仁德,邹学勇,赵婧妍.半湿润地区农田土壤粉尘释放的风洞模拟研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(11):1364-1369.
[20] Nickling W G,Gilles J A.Dust emission and transport in Mali,West Africa[J].Sedimentology,1993,40(5):859-868.
[21] Owen P R.Saltation of uniform grains in air[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1964,20(2):225.
[22] Lettau K,Lettau H.Experimental and micro-meteorological field studies of dune migration[R]//Lettau K,Lettau H.Exploring the World's Driest Climate. Madison,USA:University of Wisconsin-Madison,1978:110-147.
[23] 周悦,牛生杰,邱玉珺.半干旱区沙尘天气近地层湍流通量及起沙研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(5):1194-1199.
[24] Gomes L,Arrúe J L,López M V,et al.Wind erosion in a semiarid agricultural area of Spain:the WELSONS project[J].Catena,2003,52(3/4):250-256.
[25] Zhang J,Teng Z,Huang N,et al.Surface renewal as a significant mechanism for dust emission[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,16(24):15517-15528.
[26] Stetler L D,Saxton K E.Wind erosion and PM₁₀ emissions from Agricultural fields on the Columbia Plateau[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1996,21(7):673-685.
[27] 南岭,董治宝,肖锋军.农牧交错带农田土壤风蚀PM₁₀释放特征[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):31-36.
[28] Marticorena B,Bergametti G.Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle:1.design of a soil-derived dust emission scheme[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100(D8):16415.
[29] Gomes L,Rajot J L,Alfaro S C,et al.Validation of a dust production model from measurements performed in semi-arid agricultural areas of Spain and Niger[J].Catena,2003,52(3):257-271.
[30] Rajot J L,Alfaro S C,Gomes L,et al.Soil crusting on sandy soils and its influence on wind erosion[J].Catena,2003,53(1):1-16.

风蚀事件中农田土壤PM₁₀释放特征

Characteristics of PM₁₀ emission from farmland during a wind erosion event

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 3

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	梅凡民, 王姗, 唐丽萱, 苏进. 一个基于粗糙元方向比率和空气动力学粗糙度的起动摩阻风速模式[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(6): 98-104.
[2]	孟小楠, 严平, 王振亭, 董苗, 王勇. 车辆碾压作用下戈壁地表起尘浓度[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(1): 80-87.
[3]	梅凡民, 张小曳, 鹿化煜, 沈振兴, 赵锦慧. 若干风蚀粉尘释放模型述评[J]. 中国沙漠, 2004, 24(6): 791-797.