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中国沙漠 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 118-126.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00082

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坡度和坡形对爬坡沙丘形成影响的风洞模拟实验

王晓旭2(), 严平3,4(), 王勇2, 董苗1,5, 王一娇2, 张潇2   

  1. 1.北京师范大学,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京 100875
    2.北京师范大学,防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心,北京 100875
    3.北京师范大学,地理科学学部,北京 100875
    4.北京师范大学 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室珠海基地,广东 珠海 519087
    5.太原师范学院 地理科学学院,山西 太原 030619
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-24 修回日期:2020-07-24 出版日期:2020-12-09 发布日期:2020-12-09
  • 通讯作者: 严平
  • 作者简介:严平(E-mail: yping@bnu.edu.cn
    王晓旭(1996 -),女,山东临沂人,硕士研究生,研究方向为荒漠化防治。E-mail: 201821051013@mail.bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41871010);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0906);中国林业科学研究院重点项目(CAFYBB2018ZE002)

Effects of slope gradient and shape on climbing dunes: a wind tunnel experiment

Xiaoxu Wang2(), Ping Yan3,4(), Yong Wang2, Miao Dong1,5, Yijiao Wang2, Xiao Zhang2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
    2.MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
    3.Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
    4.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Zhuhai Base,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai 519087,Guangdong,China
    5.College of Geographic Science,Taiyuan Normal University,Taiyuan 030619,China
  • Received:2020-06-24 Revised:2020-07-24 Online:2020-12-09 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Ping Yan

摘要:

爬坡沙丘是重要的地形障碍沙丘,其形成与地形密不可分。采用室内风洞模拟的方法,选用8°、15°、25°、35°、45°、55°等6个坡度模型和平面、凹形、凸形、凹凸组合形、台阶形5个坡形模型,分别在6、8、10、12、15、18 m·s-1的风速条件下进行近地表风速测量,探讨坡度和坡形对气流及爬坡沙丘形成的影响。此外,在8 m·s-1风速条件下,对上述模型分别进行加沙吹蚀实验,以验证坡度和坡形对爬坡沙丘形成的影响。结果表明:(1)模型对近地表的气流有一定的阻滞和抬升作用,且在近地表处对下层的影响大于上层;(2)25°和35°迎风坡最利于爬坡沙丘的形成,8°和15°次之,45°和55°迎风坡不易形成爬坡沙丘;(3)凹形坡和台阶形坡最适宜爬坡沙丘形成,凹凸组合坡和平面坡次之。

关键词: 爬坡沙丘, 坡度, 坡形, 风洞模拟实验

Abstract:

The climbing dune is an important kind of topographically influenced dunes, and its formation is closely related to topography. In our wind tunnel experiment, the windward slope models of six slopes of 8°, 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, 55°, and five shapes of windward slope, such as flat slope, concave shape, convex slope, concave-convex slope and stepped slope, were used to measure near-surface wind speeds under five wind speeds of 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18 m·s-1, and the influence of slope gradient and s slope form of climbing dune were discussed. And with sand supply, those models were tested to simulate the sand accumulation on the slopes under the same condition of 8 m·s-1 wind speed. which is to verify the analysis results. The results show that:(1) The models have a certain blocking and lifting effect on the air flow near the surface, and the effect on the lower layer is greater than that on the upper layer;(2) The 25° and 35° are most favorable degrees for the formation of climbing dunes, followed by 8° and 15° models, 45° and 55° models are not easy to form climbing dunes; (3) Concave slope and stepped slope are most suitable for the formation of climbing dunes, followed by flat slope and concave-convex slope.

Key words: climbing dunes, slope gradients, slope forms, wind tunnel simulation experiment

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