人为踩踏生物土壤结皮对土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00075

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤酶活性是衡量荒漠区生态恢复程度的重要生物学指标。为揭示人为踩踏生物土壤结皮对土壤质量的影响，分别采集腾格里沙漠植被固沙区未踩踏、中度踩踏和重度踩踏结皮下0~5 cm和5~15 cm土样并测定土壤脲酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和蛋白酶的活性，通过土壤酶活性反映人为踩踏对荒漠区土壤质量的影响。结果表明：人为踩踏藻-地衣和藓类结皮可导致土壤脲酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性的降低，且这些土壤酶活性与踩踏程度呈线性负相关。除踩踏程度外，土壤酶活性也受结皮发育阶段和土壤深度的影响；人为踩踏的藓类结皮下6种土壤酶的活性显著高于踩踏藻-地衣结皮（P<0.05），表明演替晚期的藓类结皮比早期的藻-地衣结皮具有更强的抗踩踏干扰能力；踩踏生物土壤结皮下0~5 cm土层的土壤酶活性显著高于5~15 cm土层（P<0.05）。此外，无论季节更替，土壤酶活性均表现为未踩踏>中度踩踏>重度踩踏，且踩踏或未踩踏结皮下土壤酶活性均表现明显的季节变化，夏季最高、秋季次之、春季再次之、冬季最低。腾格里沙漠人工植被区和天然植被区人为踩踏生物土壤结皮可降低土壤酶活性，表明踩踏生物土壤结皮可导致土壤质量下降和荒漠生态系统的退化。保护荒漠区的生物土壤结皮将有利于该区土壤及荒漠生态系统的恢复。

关键词: 生物土壤结皮, 人为踩踏, 踩踏程度, 结皮发育阶段, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: Soil enzymes may act as important biological properties in measuring ecological restoration in desert areas. In order to investigate the effects of human trampling to biocrusts on soil quality, sandy soil under human trampling to biocrusts was served as the research object in artificial and natural vegetation areas at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert. Trampling to biocrusts was divided into three levels depending on trampling levels to biocrusts:non-trampling, medium trampling and severe trampling to biocrusts, respectively. Soil samples were taken from 0~5 cm and 5~15 cm soil depth, respectively and soil urease, invertase, catalase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and protease activities were measured. Soil quality could be indicated by these soil enzymes activities in desert areas. The results showed that human trampling to cyanobacteria-lichen and moss crusts reduced activities of soil urease, invertase, catalase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and protease. Moreover, these soil enzyme activities have a linear negative correlation with trampling degree of biocrusts. In addition to the trampling degree, the studied enzymes activities following trampling biocrusts were significantly influenced by successional stages of crust and soil depth. The six studied enzymes activities under trampled biocrusts in 0~5 cm soil layer were significantly greater than 5~15 cm soil layer. In addition, there was a consistent law of soil enzyme activities under biocrusts no matter how seasons change, follow orders:non-trampling biocrusts>medium-trampling biocrusts=>severe-trampling biocrusts. Moreover, seasonal changes of soil enzyme activities under trampling or non-trampling biocrusts was obvious which from maximum to minimum is summer, autumn, spring and winter. Therefore, human trampling to biocrusts could decrease soil enzyme activity in artificial and natural vegetation areas at southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert, indicating a reduction of soil quality and the degradation of desert ecosystem. The results indicated that the protection to biocrusts is beneficial to the recovery of sandy soil and desert ecological system.

Key words: biocrusts, human trampling, trampling degree, successional stage of crusts, soil enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S154.36

刘艳梅, 杨航宇, 贾荣亮, 李宜轩. 人为踩踏生物土壤结皮对土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(4): 54-63.

Liu Yanmei, Yang Hangyu, Jia Rongliang, Li Yixuan. Effects of Human Trampling Biocrusts on Soil Enzyme Activities[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(4): 54-63.

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