土壤含水量和磷肥对马铃薯生长发育及抗旱生理的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00159

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了土壤含水量和磷肥对马铃薯生长发育及抗旱生理的影响，结果显示：（1）土壤含水量的下降导致马铃薯幼苗叶片含水量和叶绿素含量降低，可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛（MDA）含量、相对电导率（REC）及超氧阴离子（O₂^-·）产生速率升高，抗氧化酶活性增强，株高、茎粗、根长、匍匐茎数、地上部分干重降低，马铃薯块茎重量及块茎淀粉、蛋白质、Vc含量下降；（2）不同水分条件下增施适量磷肥，显著提高了马铃薯叶片含水量、叶绿素含量，相对增强了抗氧化酶活性，降低了相对电导率、MDA含量和活性氧水平，且马铃薯块茎重量及块茎淀粉、蛋白质和Vc含量显著增加。（3）比较包括对照在内的6种磷肥增施量，增施15.3 g·m^-2磷肥对马铃薯幼苗抗旱性及生长发育的促进效果最佳。综上所述，干旱胁迫显著抑制了马铃薯幼苗生长发育，而增施适量磷肥可通过提高渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性，有效缓解干旱胁迫下马铃薯幼苗叶片的脂质过氧化程度及细胞膜损伤，减轻干旱对生长发育的抑制，增强植株整体抗旱性。

关键词: 磷肥, 马铃薯, 生长发育, 抗旱生理

Abstract: The effects of different amount of extra phosphate fertilizer on the growth and drought resistance physiology of potato seedlings under drought stress were reported in this paper, the results showed that:(1) The reduction of the soils' water content induced the decrease of the potato leaves water content and chlorophyll content, the enhancement of the content of soluble sugar, proline and MDA, the enhancement of the relative electric conductivity (REC), O₂^-· production and antioxidant enzymes activities, and the reduction of plant height, stem diameter, root length, the number of stolon stem, tuber weight, and even the tuber's starch content, vitamin C content. (2) After the application of proper amount of extra phosphate fertilizer under drought stress, the leaf water content and chlorophyll content increased significantly, the activities of antioxidant enzymes enhanced, relative conductance, MDA content and O₂^-· production rate reduced significantly, tuber weight, starch content, Vc content increased significantly. (3) The best amount of extra phosphate fertilizer in promoting the growth of potato seedlings under drought stress was 15.3 g·m^-2 among all the 6 amount of extra phosphate fertilizer. So it can be concluded that the growth of potato seedlings was inhibited significantly by drought stress, but proper amount of extra phosphate fertilizer could increase the osmotic adjustment substances content and the anti-oxidative enzymes activities, alleviate the degree of lipid-peroxidation and the damage of cell membrane, thus alleviated the inhibition in growth and enhanced the drought resistance abilities of the potato seedlings.

Key words: phosphate fertilizer, potato, growth, drought resistance physiology

中图分类号:

S532
Q945.78

杨宏伟, 刘文瑜, 冯焕琴, 张俊莲, 李朝周. 土壤含水量和磷肥对马铃薯生长发育及抗旱生理的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(2): 307-314.

Yang Hongwei, Liu Wenyu, Feng Huanqin, Zhang Junlian, Li Chaozhou. Effects of Soil Moisture and Phosphate Fertilizer on the Growth and Drought Resistance Physiology of Potato Seedlings[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2018, 38(2): 307-314.

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