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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 233-241.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00192

• • 上一篇    

中国西北干旱区典型泥漠地表粒度与矿物组成特征及抗风蚀能力

江艳冰1,2(), 谭立海1(), 王洪涛1, 周倩1,2, 安志山1   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室/敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-22 修回日期:2025-11-28 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 谭立海
  • 作者简介:江艳冰(2001—),女,山东聊城人,硕士研究生,主要从事风沙物理与风沙工程学研究。E-mail: jiangyanbing@nieer.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42171015);第三次新疆综合科学考察课题(2021xjkk0305);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(24JRRA088);中国科学院“西部之光”青年学者项目;甘肃省陇原青年英才项目

Grain sizemineral compositionand wind erosion resistance of typical dry playas in the arid region of Northwestern China

Yanbing Jiang1,2(), Lihai Tan1(), Hongtao Wang1, Qian Zhou1,2, Zhishan An1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands / Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecology and Environment Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-10-22 Revised:2025-11-28 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Lihai Tan

摘要:

泥漠是干旱区重要的粉尘释放源区,其地表颗粒粒度、矿物组成对其抗风蚀性能具有重要的影响。本研究选取中国西北干旱区5处典型泥漠,对其地表颗粒物粒度、矿物组成特征及地表力学特性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)泥漠地表颗粒以粉砂为主,含量62.94%~97.44%,平均粒径6.77~5.86 Φ(9.15~17.22 μm),分选介于较差至差区间。(2)各区域泥漠均以氯硅铝钙石、石英以及多种闪石类和长石类矿物为主,且内陆盆地泥漠石英与长石含量高于内陆河流域泥漠。(3)泥漠抗剪强度为57.16~168.42 kPa,硬度25.34~39.59 MPa;内陆盆地泥漠抗剪强度和硬度值显著高于内陆河下游,表现出更强的抗风蚀性能。本研究为揭示不同泥漠粉尘释放机理和释放模式构建提供了基础数据和科学依据。

关键词: 粒度, 矿物, 抗剪强度, 土壤风蚀, 泥漠

Abstract:

Dry playas are significant dust emission sources in arid regions. Their surface grain size and mineral composition critically influence their resistance to wind erosion. This study investigates five typical dry playa surfaces located in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Shule River, and Beida River inland waterways, as well as in the Beishan and Suhongtu inland basins within the arid northwestern China. We analyzed characteristics of surface grain size, mineral composition, and surface mechanical properties. The results indicate that: (1) The surface particles of dry playas are dominated by silt, with contents ranging from 62.94% to 97.44%, the average grain size ranges from 6.77 Φ to 5.86 Φ (from 9.15 μm to 17.22 μm), and sorting characteristics fall within the poorly sorted to very poorly sorted range. (2) The mineral composition across all regions is primarily dominated by anorthite, quartz, and various amphibole and feldspar minerals. Notably, the quartz and feldspar content in the inland basin dry playa surfaces is higher than those of the inland river basins. (3) The shear strength of the dry playa surfaces ranges between 57.16 kPa and 168.42 kPa, and the hardness ranges between 25.34 MPa and 39.59 MPa. The shear strength and hardness of the dry playa in inland basins are significantly higher than those in the lower reaches of inland rivers, demonstrating relatively good wind erosion resistance. This study provides fundamental data and a scientific basis for elucidating the dust emission mechanisms and developing emission models for different dry playa surfaces.

Key words: grain size, mineral composition, shear strength, wind erosion, dry playa

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