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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 251-262.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00166

• • 上一篇    

乌兰布和沙漠光伏电站改变土壤粒径分布与降雨再分配过程

周峻羽1(), 常佩静2, 王海鹰2, 辛智鸣3, 袁子喧1, 朱文涛1, 闫玉洁1, 程一本1()   

  1. 1.北京林业大学 水土保持学院,北京 100083
    2.阿拉善盟气候生态环境评估中心,内蒙古 阿拉善左旗 750300
    3.中国林业科学研究院 沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古 磴口 015200
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 修回日期:2025-12-01 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 程一本
  • 作者简介:周峻羽(1999—),女,江苏连云港人,硕士研究生,主要从事退化生态系统修复与管理相关研究。E-mail: zhoujunyu115@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    阿拉善盟科技计划项目(AMKJ2023-17);内蒙古自治区气象局项目(nmqxywpt202412);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF130420103);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1305201);国家自然科学基金项目(U2243202);北京林业大学热点追踪项目(2023BLRD04)

The Ulan Buh Desert photovoltaic power station alters soil particle size distribution and rainfall redistribution process

Junyu Zhou1(), Peijing Chang2, Haiying Wang2, Zhiming Xin3, Zixuan Yuan1, Wentao Zhu1, Yujie Yan1, Yiben Cheng1()   

  1. 1.College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
    2.Alxa League Climate Ecological Environment Assessment Center,Alxa Left Banner 750300,Inner Mongolia,China
    3.Desert Forestry Experimental Center,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Dengkou 015200,Inner Mongolia,China
  • Received:2025-10-09 Revised:2025-12-01 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Yiben Cheng

摘要:

为评估荒漠区光伏电站对土壤粒径与土壤含水量变化的影响,本研究在乌兰布和沙漠4个不同运营年限电站内,按板间/板下与表层(0~20 cm)/深层(20~40 cm)布设320个粒度样点,并在典型站点布设5个几何位置(A~E)与2个深度(30/60 cm)的土壤水分传感器,联合板前汇流观测2024年4—11月的土壤水分动态。结果显示:(1)土壤粒径在场址尺度呈中心细、边缘粗格局,上风向板间出现细粒径中心,板下在面板底隙附近出现粗粒径中心。(2)与建站前对照相比,板间/板下的粒径均值总体呈下降趋势(即土壤粒径细化),细砂(100~250 μm)体积分数上升,且板间表层粒径离散程度随运营年限增长降低。(3)光伏板前檐倾斜且板中存在遮挡,导致降雨在前檐聚集,在板下正中间亏损。土壤含水量在光伏板前檐160 cm和前檐正下方浅表处达3.16%~3.22%,高于板下正中间浅表(约1.13%)。(4)表层土壤对降雨脉冲响应敏感,而深层土壤受缓慢渗透支配的影响。研究结果显示光伏电站对土壤粒径的影响具有年限效应,对水分的影响具有位置依赖,建议在站址边缘增设防护带并优化光伏板几何特征与导流设施,以减少外界对土壤粒径侵蚀程度和缓解光伏板板下正中间亏水,提升板前入渗。

关键词: 乌兰布和沙漠, 光伏治沙, 土壤粒径, 土壤含水量, 降雨再分配

Abstract:

To evaluate the impacts of photovoltaic power stations in desert areas on changes in soil particle size and soil water content, in four PV power stations with different operational durations in the Ulan Buh Desert, a total of 320 soil particle size sampling points were arranged based on the categories of inter-panel/beneath-panel and surface layer (0-20 cm)/deep layer (20-40 cm). Meanwhile, soil moisture monitor probes were deployed at 5 geometric positions (A-E) and 2 depths (30/60 cm) in a typical station. Combined with the observation of runoff confluence in front of the panels, the soil moisture dynamics were monitored from April to November 2024. The results showed that: (1) At the site scale, the soil particle size presented a pattern of finer particles in the center and coarser particles at the edges. Fine particle size centers appeared in the inter-panel areas of the upwind direction, while coarse particle size centers occurred near the bottom gap of the panels in the areas beneath the panels. (2) Compared with the control before the power stations were built, the mean particle size in both inter-panel and beneath panels areas generally decreased (soil particle size refinement), and the volume fraction of fine sand (100-250 μm) increased, and the degree of particle size dispersion in the surface layer of inter-panel areas decreases with the increase of operational duration. (3) The panel geometry caused rainfall to accumulate at the front eaves and resulted in water deficiency in the middle of the panels. The soil water content at 160 cm in front of the PV panels and directly below the front eaves in the surface layer reached 3.16%-3.22%, which was higher than that in the middle of the panels in the surface layer (about 1.13%). (4) The surface soil was sensitive to rainfall pulses, while the deep layer was dominated by slow infiltration. The study suggests that the impacts of PV power stations for photovoltaic sand control on soil particle size exhibit a duration-dependent effect, while their impacts on soil water show a position-dependent characteristic. It is recommended to add protective belts at the edges of the station sites and optimize the panel geometry and flow diversion facilities, so as to reduce the degree of soil particle size erosion caused by external factors, alleviate water deficiency in the middle of the panels, and improve infiltration in front of the panels.

Key words: Ulan Buh Desert, photovoltaic sand control, soil particle size, soil water content, rainfall redistribution

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