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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 304-317.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00247

• • 上一篇    

固沙植物梭梭( Haloxylon ammodendron )对风沙流场影响的数值模拟

胡广录1,2(), 何娜娜1, 张叶叶1, 陈坤1, 靳涛阳1, 王佳琦1, 田凯夫1   

  1. 1.兰州交通大学,环境与市政工程学院,甘肃 730070
    2.兰州交通大学,寒旱地区水资源综合利用教育部工程研究中心,甘肃 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-12 修回日期:2025-10-21 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-11
  • 作者简介:胡广录(1966—),男,甘肃靖远人,博士,教授,研究方向为生态水文及生态修复。E-mail: hgl0814@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41867074);甘肃省张掖市甘州区水资源费项目(甘区水务发[2024]237号);甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广项目(甘水建管发[2025]24号)

Numerical simulation of the effect of sand-fixing plant Haloxylon ammodendron on the wind-sand flow field

Guanglu Hu1,2(), Nana He1, Yeye Zhang1, Kun Chen1, Taoyang Jin1, Jiaqi Wang1, Kaifu Tian1   

  1. 1.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering /, Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.MOE Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2025-07-12 Revised:2025-10-21 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-11

摘要:

植物固沙是干旱、半干旱地区防治风沙灾害的重要措施,梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)作为干旱区典型的抗旱、耐盐碱、抗风蚀的荒漠植物,防风固沙效果显著,在黑河中游荒漠-绿洲过渡带被广泛栽植。本文通过Fluent计算平台对梭梭植物附近的风沙流场进行三维数值模拟,分析梭梭周围风速特征和积沙特征,并利用野外试验数据进行验证。结果表明:(1)不同风速条件下,梭梭周围风沙流场均可形成4个分区,但各区流场结构尺度和扰动强度均存在显著差异。入口风速为6 m·s-1时,梭梭背风面存在3个涡流区,静风区范围可延伸至3H(H为株高),气流动能恢复较慢;而在12 m·s-1时,背风面仅有较弱的2个涡流区,静风区范围缩减至1.2H,动能恢复更快。(2)梭梭防风效果与其冠幅呈正相关关系,冠幅越宽,防风效果越好。梭梭不同位置处的防风效率总体表现为背风面>迎风面>侧风面,背风面风速降低50%~90%;迎风面风速降低30%~60%;而侧面风速降幅仅为10%~30%。(3)不同风速条件下,梭梭的阻沙能力显著不同。当入口风速为6m·s-1时,沙粒沉积在-0.75H~1H;而当风速增至12 m·s-1时,沙粒沉积在0~1H。(4)增加植株排数与优化行间距可提升梭梭植物的阻沙能力,其中梭梭行间距为5 m时整体阻沙效果最优。该研究结果可为黑河中游荒漠-绿洲过渡带土壤风蚀防治提供参考。

关键词: 梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron), 防风固沙, 数值模拟, 风沙流场, 沙粒体积分数

Abstract:

Plant sand fixation is one of the important measures to prevent and control sandstorms in arid and semi-arid areas. As a typical drought-resistant, saline-alkalinity-resistant and wind-erosion-resistant desert plant in arid zones, Haloxylon modendron, with its remarkable effect of wind and sand fixation, has been widely planted in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in the transition zone of deserts-oasis. In this paper, we numerically simulate the wind and sand flow field near H. modendron by Fluent computing platform, analyze the wind speed characteristics and sand accumulation characteristics around H. modendron, and use the field test data for verification. The results show that: (1)Under the conditions of different wind speeds, the wind-sand flow field around H. modendron can form four partitions, but there are significant differences in the structural scale and disturbance intensity of the flow field in each area. When the inlet wind speed was 6 m·s-1, there were three vortex zones on the leeward side of H. modendron, and the range of the static wind zone could be extended to 3H (H is the height of the plant), and the kinetic energy of the airflow recovered slowly; while at 12 m·s-1, there were only two weak vortex zones on the leeward side, and the range of the static wind zone was narrowed down to 1.2H, and the kinetic energy recovered more quickly. (2)The windproof effect of H. modendron is positively correlated with its crown width, the wider the crown width, the better the windproof effect. The overall performance of windproof efficiency at different locations of H. modendron is that the leeward face>windward face>side wind face, and the reduction of wind speed on the leeward face can reach 50%-90%; the reduction of wind speed on the windward face is 30%-60%; and the reduction of wind speed on the side is only 10%-30%.(3)The sand-blocking ability of H. modendron was significantly different under different wind speed conditions. When the inlet wind speed was 6 m·s-1, the sand particles were deposited at -0.75H-1H; while when the wind speed increased to 12 m·s-1, the sand particles were deposited at 0-1H. (4)Increasing the number of rows and optimizing the row spacing can improve the sand blocking ability of H. modendron, of which the overall sand blocking effect is optimal when the pike rows are spaced 5m apart.

Key words: Haloxylon ammodendron, windbreak and sand fixation, numerical simulation, sandstorm field, volume fraction

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