白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocphala)灌丛沙堆是乌兰布和沙漠最为广泛分布的典型荒漠灌丛沙堆之一.本研究对白沙蒿灌丛的灌丛形态参数、沙堆形态参数进行了野外测定,探讨沙堆形态发育及固沙能力与白沙蒿灌丛形态的关系.结果表明:白沙蒿灌丛高度随着灌丛半径的增加而呈对数曲线增加,在灌丛较小时灌丛高度增长较快,随后渐趋于稳定,其水平方向发育速度大于垂直方向;白沙蒿灌丛沙堆半径及高度随灌丛半径和高度增加而增加,二者呈显著线性关系,沙堆水平方向发育受到灌丛冠幅的影响,沙堆垂直方向的发育水平取决于灌丛高度;随白沙蒿地上部分鲜重的增加,灌丛沙堆底面积、高度、沙堆体积和固沙效率均呈极显著线性增加(p<0.01);白沙蒿灌丛越大其固积沙堆也越大,固沙率越高,不同大小灌丛白沙蒿间的固沙效率差异显著(p<0.05);白沙蒿灌丛背风侧的积沙宽度(y)与积沙距离(x)显著相关(R2=0.9917),其线性回归方程为y=-19.654x+122.41,在距离灌丛背风面6~7倍高度的地方,积沙接近消失.
Artemisia sphaerocphala nabkha is a kind of typical desert nabkha widely distributed in the southeastern edge of the Ulan Buh desert. Shrub and nabkha morphological parameters of A. sphaerocphala were measured to explore the relationship between morphological development, sand fixing capacity and shrub morphological parameters. The results show that the shrub height increases in logarithmic curve line with increasing shrub radius. The shrub grows fast in initial stage and then gradually turns to be stable, and its growing velocity in horizontal direction is faster than that in vertical direction. The nabkha radius and height increases with increase of shrub radius and height with significantly linear relationship. The nabkha horizontal development is determined by shrub crown width and the vertical development is determined by shrub height. With the increase of aboveground fresh biomass of A. sphaerocphala shrub, the bottom area, height, volume and sand fixing capacity of the nabkha show very significantly linear changes (p<0.01). The nabkha volume is large when shrub volume is large, and the sand fixing capacity is high. The difference of sand fixing efficiency among different size shrubs is significant (p<0.05). There is a significant correlation between blown sand width (y) and length (x) in the leeward side of A. sphaerocphala shrub (R2=0.9917), and the linear regression equation was y=-19.654x+122.41.The blown sand nearly disappears in the distances of 6-7 heights from the A. sphaerocphala shrub in the leeward side.
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