乌兰布和沙漠东南缘白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocphala)灌丛沙堆形态特征与固沙能力

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00080

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocphala)灌丛沙堆是乌兰布和沙漠最为广泛分布的典型荒漠灌丛沙堆之一.本研究对白沙蒿灌丛的灌丛形态参数、沙堆形态参数进行了野外测定,探讨沙堆形态发育及固沙能力与白沙蒿灌丛形态的关系.结果表明:白沙蒿灌丛高度随着灌丛半径的增加而呈对数曲线增加,在灌丛较小时灌丛高度增长较快,随后渐趋于稳定,其水平方向发育速度大于垂直方向;白沙蒿灌丛沙堆半径及高度随灌丛半径和高度增加而增加,二者呈显著线性关系,沙堆水平方向发育受到灌丛冠幅的影响,沙堆垂直方向的发育水平取决于灌丛高度;随白沙蒿地上部分鲜重的增加,灌丛沙堆底面积、高度、沙堆体积和固沙效率均呈极显著线性增加(p<0.01);白沙蒿灌丛越大其固积沙堆也越大,固沙率越高,不同大小灌丛白沙蒿间的固沙效率差异显著(p<0.05);白沙蒿灌丛背风侧的积沙宽度(y)与积沙距离(x)显著相关(R²=0.9917),其线性回归方程为y=-19.654x+122.41,在距离灌丛背风面6～7倍高度的地方,积沙接近消失.

关键词: 乌兰布和沙漠, 白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocphala), 灌丛沙堆, 形态特征, 固沙能力

Abstract: Artemisia sphaerocphala nabkha is a kind of typical desert nabkha widely distributed in the southeastern edge of the Ulan Buh desert. Shrub and nabkha morphological parameters of A. sphaerocphala were measured to explore the relationship between morphological development, sand fixing capacity and shrub morphological parameters. The results show that the shrub height increases in logarithmic curve line with increasing shrub radius. The shrub grows fast in initial stage and then gradually turns to be stable, and its growing velocity in horizontal direction is faster than that in vertical direction. The nabkha radius and height increases with increase of shrub radius and height with significantly linear relationship. The nabkha horizontal development is determined by shrub crown width and the vertical development is determined by shrub height. With the increase of aboveground fresh biomass of A. sphaerocphala shrub, the bottom area, height, volume and sand fixing capacity of the nabkha show very significantly linear changes (p<0.01). The nabkha volume is large when shrub volume is large, and the sand fixing capacity is high. The difference of sand fixing efficiency among different size shrubs is significant (p<0.05). There is a significant correlation between blown sand width (y) and length (x) in the leeward side of A. sphaerocphala shrub (R²=0.9917), and the linear regression equation was y=-19.654x+122.41.The blown sand nearly disappears in the distances of 6-7 heights from the A. sphaerocphala shrub in the leeward side.

Key words: Ulan Buh Desert, Artemisia sphaerocphala, nabkha, morphological characteristics, sand fixing capacity

中图分类号:

Q948.11

高永, 党晓宏, 虞毅, 汪季, 王珊, 原伟杰, 张惜伟. 乌兰布和沙漠东南缘白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocphala)灌丛沙堆形态特征与固沙能力[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(1): 1-7.

Gao Yong, Dang Xiaohong, Yu Yi, Wang Ji, Wang Shan, Yuan Weijie, Zhang Xiwei. Nabkha Morphological Characteristics and Sand Fixing Capacity of Artemisia sphaerocphala in the Southeastern Edge of the Ulan Buh Desert[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2015, 35(1): 1-7.

参考文献

[1] Tengberg A.Nebkhas dunes as indicators of wind erosion in the Sahel zone of Burkina Faso[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1995,30:265-282.
[2] Wang X M,Wang T,Dong Z B,et al.Nebkha development and its significance to wind erosion and land degradation in semi-arid northern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2006,65(1):129-141.
[3] Hesp P A.The formation of shadow dunes[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1981,51:101-112.
[4] Nickling W G,Wolfe A S.The morphology and origin of nabkhas,region of Mopti,Mali,West Africa[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1994,28:13-30.
[5] Khalaf F I,Misk R,Aidousari A.Sedimentological and morphological characteristics of some nabkhas deposits in the northern coastal plain of Kuwait,Arabia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1995,28:267-292.
[6] Tengberg A,Chen D L.A comparative analysis of nebkhas in central Tunisia and northern Burkina Faso[J].Geomorphology,1998,22:181-192
[7] Hesp P,Mclachlan A.Morphology,dynamics,ecology and fauna of Arctotheca populifolia and Gazania rigens nabkhas dunes[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2000,44(2):155-172.
[8] 岳兴玲,哈斯,庄燕美,等.沙质草原灌丛沙堆研究综述[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(5):738-743.
[9] 贺山峰,蒋德明,阿拉木萨,等.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿灌木林固沙效应的研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):84-87.
[10] 蒋德明,曹成有,押田敏雄,等.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿人工林防风固沙及改良土壤效应研究[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(5):653-658.
[11] 朱震达,陈治平,吴正,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:84-95.
[12] 高永.吉兰泰盐湖环境演化及沙害成因[J].干旱区研究,1996,13(4):54-56.
[13] 张昊,陈世璜,占布拉,等.白沙蒿繁殖特性的研究[J].内蒙古草业,2000(1):24-26.
[14] 时永杰,高万林.白沙蒿[J].中兽医医药杂志,2003,(s1):137-139.
[15] 张萍,哈斯,岳兴玲,等.白刺灌丛沙堆形态与沉积特征[J].干旱区地理,2008,32(6):926-932.
[16] 刘金伟,李志忠,武胜利,等.新疆艾比湖周边白刺沙堆形态特征空间异质性研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):629-635.
[17] 杨帆,王雪芹,杨东亮,韩章勇.不同沙源供给条件下柽柳灌丛与沙堆形态的互馈关系——以策勒绿洲沙漠过渡带为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(9):2707-2719.
[18] 靳建辉,曹相东,李志忠,等.艾比湖周边灌丛沙堆风沙沉积记录的气候环境演化[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(5):1314-1323.
[19] 郭普,王镜泉,陈体恭,等.荒漠灌木白刺资源开发利用研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1993,28(2):205-207.
[20] 武胜利,李志忠,惠军,等.和田河流域灌(草)丛沙堆的形态特征与发育过程[J].地理研究,2008,27(2):314-322.
[21] 刘冰,赵文智,杨荣.荒漠绿洲过渡带柽柳灌丛沙堆特征及其空间异质性[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1446-1455.
[22] Hesp P.Foredunes and blowouts:initiation,geomorphology and dynamics[J].Geomorphology,2002,48:245-268.
[23] 王翠,雷加强,李生宇,等.新疆策勒绿洲沙漠过渡带花花柴(Karelinia caspica)沙堆的形态特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):981-989.
[24] 朱震达,陈广庭.中国土地沙质荒漠化[M].北京:科学出版社,1994:65-85.
[25] 贾晓红,李新荣.腾格里沙漠东南缘不同生境白刺灌丛沙堆的空间分布格局[J].环境科学,2008,29(7):2046-2053.
[26] 韩磊,张媛媛,马成仓,等.狭叶锦鸡儿(Caragana stenophylla)灌丛沙堆形态发育特征及固沙能力[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(5):1305-1309.