塔克拉玛干别里库姆沙漠根管砾幕形态及分布

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00053

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 陆生高等植物死亡后，在漫长的地质演化过程中，经过水、沙土共同作用形成植物根管，根管在风、沙共同作用下风蚀为沙漠地表根管大颗粒，成片的根管大颗粒在沙漠中形成根管砾幕，这一新的风沙地貌类型广泛分布于塔克拉玛干别里库姆沙漠。基于野外采样、无人机近景航测和Landsat8 OLI遥感影像等数据，应用形态学及空间统计分析方法，定量分析了塔克拉玛干别里库姆沙漠根管砾幕的形态特征及空间分布。结果表明：（1）研究区内根管形态极不规则，质地坚硬，以片状、管状、粒状分布于塔克拉玛干别里库姆沙漠；（2）研究区内根管砾幕形态从南向北、自西向东均以椭圆形为主，受丘间地形状影响，部分区域根管砾幕形态呈月牙形、圆形或不规则多边形，总体来看，研究区内根管砾幕形态特征空间差异显著；（3）研究区南北向根管砾幕破碎度47.78%~48.74%，根管颗粒分布平均密度9 925粒·m^-2，东西向根管砾幕破碎度19.00%~70.80%，根管颗粒分布平均密度9 357粒·m^-2，南北向根管砾幕中根管颗粒分布平均密度大于东西向，破碎度范围小于东西向；（4）研究区根管砾幕空间分布整体由南至北呈增大-减小-增大，自西向东呈先增大后减小。

关键词: 别里库姆沙漠, 根管砾幕, 形态特征, 空间分布

Abstract: After the death of higher plants in the terrestrial, in the long geological evolution process, the root canals are formed by the action of water and sand, and the root canals are wind-eroded into large particles of the surface roots of the desert under the action of wind and sand, and the root canals are large.The granules form a root canal in the desert.This new type of aeolian landform is widely distributed in the Taklimakan Biliqm Desert.Based on data from field sampling, UAV close-up aerial survey and Landsat8 OLI remote sensing image, this study used morphological and spatial statistical analysis methods to quantitatively analyze the morphological characteristics and spatial distribution of the root-tube gravel in the Taklimakan Bilicum desert.The results showed that:(1) the shape of root canal in the study area was extremely irregular and the texture was hard, distributed in the form of flakes, tubes and grains in the Taklimakan Biliqum desert. (2) the shape of the root canal in the study area from south to north From the west to the east, the ellipse is mainly dominated by the shape of the inter-hill, and the shape of the root canal in some areas is crescent-shaped, round or rectangular.Overall, the spatial characteristics of the root-tube gravel in the study area are significantly different.(3) The north-south root tube gravel fragmentation degree of the study area is 47.78%-48.74%, the root canal particle distribution average density is 9 925 pieces·m^-2, and the east-west root tube gravel fragmentation degree is 19.00%-70.80%, root canal The average density of particle distribution is 9 357 m·m^-2, and the average density of root canal particle distribution in the north-south root canal is larger than the east-west direction, and the variation range of the fragmentation degree is smaller than the east-west direction.(4) The overall spatial distribution of the root canal curtain in the study area From south to north, it increases-decreases-increases, and increases from west to east first and then decreases.

Key words: Berikom Desert, root canal gravel, morphological characteristics, spatial distribution

中图分类号:

Q948.11

罗海燕, 来风兵, 陈蜀江, 朱选. 塔克拉玛干别里库姆沙漠根管砾幕形态及分布[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(6): 200-208.

Luo Haiyan, Lai Fengbing, Chen Yujiang, Zhu Xuan. Morphological Characteristics and Spatial Distribution of Root Canal Gravel in Belikom Desert, Taklimakan[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(6): 200-208.

参考文献

[1] 李生宇,孙娜,马学喜,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地垄间沙粒胶结体的基本特性及研究价值[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):265-273.
[2] 来风兵,孙虎,张展赫,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠和田河西侧胡杨沙堆的形态特征及空间分布格局[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(2):284-293.
[3] 李增沛,张伟.戈壁荒漠砾幕层破坏的生态恢复措施[J].绿色科技,2016(2):11-12.
[4] 王超,葛璐,陈建生,等.根管石地球化学研究进展[J].地质科学,2015,50(4):1280-1292.
[5] 姜高磊,聂振龙,申建梅,等.巴丹吉林沙漠第四纪环境研究现状[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2017,37(1):141-149.
[6] 孙庆峰,陈发虎,李孝泽.巴丹吉林沙漠第四纪研究评述与讨论[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(2):304-310.
[7] 秦百顺,李斌斌.不同砾石覆盖保持土壤水分有效性研究[J].中国水土保持,2012(6):46-47+56+76.
[8] 季方.塔里木盆地荒漠类型及其抗风蚀特征初探[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):16-18,53.
[9] Pang L,Lu J L,Zhou M X,et al.Effects of different gravel mulched years on soil microbial flora and physical and chemical properties in gravelsand mulched fields[J].Meteorological and Environmental Research,2018,9(1):75-82.
[10] 谭立海,张伟民,边凯,等.砾石覆盖固沙措施水土保持作用研究——以库布齐沙漠北缘为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):172-178.
[11] 张伟民,谭立海,张克存,等.不同砾石覆盖度床面蚀积过程的野外风洞实验研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(11):1370-1376.
[12] 梁洪儒,余新晓,樊登星,等.砾石覆盖对坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):57-61.
[13] 吴煜.新疆干旱荒漠区煤矿开采区域的水土保持措施探讨[J].中国水土保持,2017(6):33-35.
[14] 魏喜,贾承造,孟卫工,等.西沙群岛石岛根管石特征、成因及地质意义[J].岩石学报,2008,24(10):2415-2422.
[15] 陈建生,赵霞,汪集旸,等.巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊钙华与根状结核的发现对研究湖泊水补给的意义[J].中国岩溶,2004(4):21-26.
[16] 高尚玉,陈渭南,靳鹤龄,等.全新世中国季风区西北缘沙漠演化研究[J].中国科学(B辑),1993(2):202-208.
[17] 李卓仑,高有红,李若兰,等.阿拉善沙漠全新世钙质根管形成机制及其古环境指示意义:来自微观形态学证据[J].沉积学报,2018,38(6):1131-1138.
[18] 高有红,李卓仑,韩朗,等.阿拉善沙漠植物钙质根管:形态特征、分类及其环境指示意义[J].沉积学报,2017,35(1):75-84.
[19] Felix H P,Kandel A W,Conard N J.The significance of calcretes and paleosols on ancient dunes of the Western Cape,South Africa,as stratigraphic markers and paleoenvironmental indicators[J].BAR Internation Series,2003,1163:45-52.
[20] Li Z L,Gao Y H,Han L.Holocene vegetation signals in the Alashan Desert of northwest China,revealed by lipid molecular proxies from calcareous root tubes[J].Quaternary Research,2017,88:60-70.
[21] Darwin C R.Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of h.m.s.beagle round the world,under the command of Capt.Fitz Roy, R.N[J].Yale Journal of Biology & Medicine,1845,26(1):99.
[22] 魏喜,贾承造,孟卫工,等.西沙群岛石岛根管石特征、成因及地质意义[J].岩石学报,2008,24(10):2415-2422.
[23] Li Z L, Wang N A, Li R L, et al.Indication of millennialscale moisture changes by the temporal distribution of Holocene calcareous root tubes in the deserts of the Alashan Plateau, Northwest China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2015,440:496-505.
[24] 李若兰.阿拉善沙漠全新世钙质根管形成机制及其古环境指示意义[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017.
[25] 李若兰,李卓仑,宁凯,等.腾格里沙漠植物钙质根管Sr/Ga比值揭示的全新世千年尺度有效湿度变化[J].第四纪研究,2016,36(2):379-387.
[26] Cohen A S.Paleoenvironments of root casts from the Koobi For a Formation,Kenya[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1982,17:481-484.
[27] Li Z L,Wang N A,Cheng H Y,et al.Formation and environmental significance of Late Quaternary calcareous root tubes in the deserts of the Alashan Plateau,Northwest China[J].Quaternary International,2015,372:167-174.
[28] 吴道祥,曹亚娟,钟轩民,等.安徽淮北平原钙质结核土分布及成因年代研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增刊2):434-439.
[29] 杨小平.巴丹吉林沙漠地区钙质胶结层的发现及其古气候意义[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(3):295.
[30] Loope D B.Rhizoliths in ancient eolianties[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,56:301-314.
[31] 武胜利.新疆和田河流域灌(草)丛沙堆研究现状与展望[J].地理学报,2010,65(3):339-350.
[32] 张展赫,来风兵,陈蜀江.塔克拉玛干西部别里库姆沙漠胡杨沙堆形态特征对地下水的响应[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2609-2614.
[33] 李卓仑,邵孔兰,宁凯,等.阿拉善高原沙漠地区植物钙质根管的矿物组成特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(6):1483-1488.
[34] 周杰,王海峰,李生宇,等.不同粒径沙粒胶结体覆盖对地表风蚀和输沙率抑制效应的风洞模拟[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(5):961-965.
[35] 孙娜,李生宇,马学喜,等.砾石级沙粒胶结体抗风蚀效益的实验研究[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(3):575-580.
[36] 樊瑞静,李生宇,俞祥祥,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙粒胶结体的粒度特征[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1059-1065.