塔里木河下游胡杨(Populus euphratica)种群结构

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00103

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 种群结构特征能够很好地反映种群生存状况与发展动态。以塔里木河下游胡杨（Populus euphratica）种群为研究对象，对多年生态输水恢复后胡杨种群的密度、年龄结构、性比结构及空间结构进行了分析。结果表明：塔里木河下游胡杨种群的龄级结构整体上呈倒金字塔型，种群动态指数和种群密度等指标与时间序列分析结果一致，即胡杨种群老化且衰退趋势尚未扭转并仍将继续；胡杨种群性比显著偏雄，偏离程度随生境条件恶化而增大；胡杨种群分布格局表现为显著的集群分布，且聚集强度无太大差异。经过近18年的生态输水恢复，虽然塔里木河下游沿河附近的生态有所好转，但在远离河道的更大范围的胡杨种群退化衰败趋势仍未彻底扭转，单一沿自然河道的线性生态输水因缺乏面上水文过程而难以改善种群更新。建议在生态输水的过程中，通过人工措施，扩大浸淹范围和受水面积，为胡杨种群繁殖与更新提供条件。

关键词: 塔里木河, 胡杨(Populus euphratica), 年龄结构, 性比结构, 空间分布格局

Abstract: Population structure characteristics can reflect the living conditions and future trends of one population. In this paper, we investigated the living status of Populus euphratica in the lower reaches of Tarim River, after years of ecological water conveyances to restore the ecosystem. The population density, age structure, sex ratio structure and spatial structure of P. euphratica were analyzed based on field investigation. The results indicated that the pattern of age structure of P. euphratica in the lower reaches of Tarim River followed the "inverted pyramid" pattern. The population dynamics index, population density, had similar patterns with that of the age structure, indicating the declining trend of P. euphratica will continue. The P. euphratica was significantly male-biased, and this deviation increased with the deterioration of habitats. The distribution pattern of P. euphratica showed a significant cluster distribution with no intensity difference among them. After 18 years, ecological water conveyances, the degradation trends of the P. euphratica distributed far from the river have not yet completely reversed although the ecological conditions near the river have improved. The ecological water conveyances along a natural river channel created a too narrow flooded area to improve the population regeneration rates. Therefore, during the processes of ecological water conveyances, artificial measures are suggested to be taken to extend the flooded area to provide conditions for the reproduction and regeneration of the P. euphratica.

Key words: Tarim River, Populus euphratica, age structure, sex ratio structure, distribution pattern

中图分类号:

Q145

周莹莹, 陈亚宁, 朱成刚, 陈亚鹏, 陈晓林. 塔里木河下游胡杨(Populus euphratica)种群结构[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(2): 315-323.

Zhou Yingying, Chen Yaning, Zhu Chenggang, Chen Yapeng, Chen Xiaolin. Population Structure Characteristics of Population euphratica in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(2): 315-323.

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