塔里木河上游胡杨（Populus euphratica、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）水分来源的稳定同位素示踪

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00185

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过分析塔里木河上游胡杨（Populus euphratica）、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）茎干水和各潜在水源（河水、土壤水、地下水）的δD、δ¹⁸O同位素组成，应用多水源混合模型（IsoSource模型）研究了胡杨、柽柳的水分来源和对各潜在水源的利用比例。结果表明：0~100 cm土壤水受蒸发影响大，土壤水δ¹⁸O值偏大；100~300 cm土壤水和地下水δ¹⁸O值偏小且各点不存在显著差异。柽柳茎干水的δ¹⁸O值小于胡杨，且均随河岸距离增加而减小；在河岸，胡杨最多能利用14.2%的河水，柽柳对河水的利用比例最大达到35.3%，二者对浅层0~100 cm土壤水的利用比例较高；远离河岸，胡杨主要利用大于120 cm的土壤水和地下水，对地下水的利用比例40%~50%，柽柳以地下水作为其主要水源，最大利用比例达到94.5%。胡杨生长需要适宜的地下水埋深条件（350~420 cm），柽柳在浅地下水埋深和大于450 cm的深地下水埋深条件下均能良好生长，对不同水分条件的适应能力优于胡杨。

关键词: δD、δ¹⁸O稳定同位素, 塔里木河, 河岸带, 胡杨（Populus euphratica）、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）, 水分来源

Abstract: Based on the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of the stem water from Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima and potential water sources (river water, 0-300 cm soil water and groundwater) in the upstream of Tarim river ,The water source and contributions of potential water sources to total water uptake of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima were simulated by the IsoSource model. The results show that the shallow soil water in 0-100 cm was significantly affected by evaporation with higher δ¹⁸O value while the distance was farther from the river. The variation of the δ¹⁸O value of soil water in 100-300 cm and the groundwater were not significant, and were lower than shallow soil water. The δ¹⁸O value of stem water was lower while the distance was farther from river, and the δ¹⁸O value of stem water from Tamarix ramosissima was lower than Populus euphratica. Simulated result of mixing modal show that the potential depth of plant water uptake was deeper while the distance was farther from river. At the river bank, Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima could use stream water directly, the largest utilization rate of Populus euphratica was 14.2%, the largest utilization rate of Tamarix ramosissima was 35.3% at flood plain, and the proportional contributions of shallow soil water to plant water uptake was high. Far away from the river bank, the proportional contributions of subsoil water in 0-100 cm and groundwater to water uptake was increases, the Populus euphratica mainly used the soil water under 120 cm and also the groundwater, the largest utilization rate of groundwater is 40%-50%, and the Tamarix ramosissima mainly used groundwater, and the largest utilization rate of groundwater is 94.5%. Populus euphratica survive need suitable water table (350-420 cm), Tamarix ramosissima could grow well either in shallow groundwater area or in the area water table under 450 cm. Contrasted the water sources of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima, the adaptability of Tamarix ramosissima is superior to Populus euphratica under variable water availability.

Key words: δD, δ¹⁸O stable isotopes, Tarim River, riparian zone, Populus euphratica, Tamarix ramosissima, water source

中图分类号:

Q948.11

周天河, 赵成义, 吴桂林, 蒋少伟, 俞永祥, 王丹丹. 塔里木河上游胡杨（Populus euphratica、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）水分来源的稳定同位素示踪[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017, 37(1): 124-131.

Zhou Tianhe, Zhao Chengyi, Wu Guilin, Jiang Shaowei, Yu Yongxiang, Wang Dangdang. Application of Stable Isotopes in Analyzing the Water Sources of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in the Upstream of Tarim River[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2017, 37(1): 124-131.

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