树木年轮对塔里木河生态环境变迁的印证

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 树木年轮是全球变化研究中获取过去气候环境演变数据的重要载体，具有定年准确、连续性好、分辨率及重建精度高等优势。通过单调趋势检验塔里木河上中游径流量与胡杨年轮的趋势变化情况，将树木年轮与历史文献记载相结合，分析塔里木河下游树木年轮对水分供给的响应情况，印证胡杨年轮对河道改道事件响应的准确性。结果表明：（1）1957—2010年，塔里木河上中游胡杨径向生长量在时间序列上逐渐下降，与径流有着相同的变化趋势，且下降趋势显著；（2）下游年轮标本显示1913-2000年胡杨径向生长量整体下降，1973-2001年更加明显而达到近100年最低水平，拉依河的形成、改道、重归故道等与历史文献记载相同；（3）生态输水工程的开展改善了下游生态环境，这从下游胡杨年轮上得到了验证，但近15年的生态输水远未使下游胡杨年轮生长量达到1920年以前的水平，说明目前的生态输水对荒漠河岸林的恢复能力也是有限的；（4）在胡杨年轮对水资源的响应分析中，小波分析方法与历史文献记载得出了相同的结论。

关键词: 树木年轮, 生态环境变迁, 塔里木河

Abstract: Tree-ring is one of the important indicators of environmental evolution, which can obtain the climate data of global change of the past, and this method is very accurate and has good continuity, high resolution and reconstruction precision. This paper discussed the relationship between the surface runoff and tree-ring of Populus euphratica. The trend changes of runoff in the upper-middle reaches of the Tarim River and the tree-ring width of P. euphratica were analyzed by Mann-Kendall test. Combining the tree rings and the historical documents, the response of tree-ring in the lower reaches of the Tarim River to water supply was analyzed. The results showed that: (1)For nearly about 50 years(1957-2010), the tree-ring width showed a significant decline in the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River, and the runoff has the same change trend. The statistical value of |Z_c| was higher than 0.96. (2)The tree-ring width declined from 1913 to 2000, and it was more obvious during 1973-2001 and became the lowest level during the last 100 years. The formation, river course change and flowing back into old river course of the Layihe River in the middle-lower reaches of the Tarim River were all proved in tree-rings, which recorded the same as the historical documents. (3)The development of ecological water conveyance project improved the ecological environment in lower reaches of the Tarim River, which can be verified from the tree-ring. The tree-ring width after 2000 never reached a high level as before 1920, which showed that the current ecological water is limited to the desert riparian forest recovery. (4)For response of tree-ring of P. euphratic to water supply, the wavelet analysis method and historical documents drew the same conclusion.

Key words: tree ring, ecological environment change, Tarim River

中图分类号:

赵少军, 魏强, 徐海量, 郭宏伟, 王希义, 赵新风. 树木年轮对塔里木河生态环境变迁的印证[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017, 37(3): 594-600.

Zhao Shaojun, Wei Qiang, Xu Hailiang, Guo Hongwei, Wang Xiyi, Zhao Xinfeng. Response of the Tree-ring to Ecological Environment Change of the Tarim River[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2017, 37(3): 594-600.

参考文献

[1] Cook E R,Kairiukstis L A.Methods of Dendrochronology:Applications in the Environmental Sciences[M].Dordrecht,Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1990:1-200.
[2] 喻树龙,袁玉江,金海龙,等.用树木年轮重建天山北坡中西部7-8月379 a的降水量[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(3):404-410.
[3] Stockton C W,Fritts H C.Long-term reconstruction of waterlever changes for Lake Athabaska by analysis of tree rings[J].Water Resources Bulletin,1973,9(5):1006-1027.
[4] 刘普幸,勾晓华,张齐兵,等.国际树轮水文学研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(6):720-728.
[5] 袁玉江,何清,穆桂金.天山山区近40 a夏季降水变化及与南北疆的比较[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(3):331-335.
[6] 储国强,刘嘉麒,孙青,等.新疆克里雅河洪泛事件与树轮记录的初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2002,22(3):252-257.
[7] 张瑞波,魏文寿,袁玉江,等.树轮记录的天山南坡阿克苏河过去300 a年径流变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(4):744-751.
[8] 陈峰,袁玉江,魏文寿,等.特克斯河流域近235 a降水变化及其趋势预测[J].山地学报,2010,28(5):545-551.
[9] 李江风,袁玉江,由希尧.乌鲁木齐河山区流域360年径流量的重建[J].第四纪研究,1997,17(2):131-138.
[10] 王振锡,潘存德,石鑫鑫.胡杨年轮记录的塔里木河下游54年来区域水环境历史变迁[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(3):637-645.
[11] 石鑫鑫,潘存德,王振锡.塔里木河下游多枝柽柳径直径生长对水环境时空变化的响应[J].新疆农业大学学报,2009.
[12] 王建刚,李霞,陈敬峰,等.塔里木河下游应急输水前后胡杨生长量分析——以喀尔达依断面为例[J].资源科学,2007,29(3):74-79.
[13] 李基材,李霞,陈敬峰,等.塔里木河应急输水前后胡杨年轮生长差异[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):125-129.
[14] 彭小梅,肖生春,程国栋,等.胡杨(Populus euphratica)树轮记录的20世纪40年代前后黑河下游分水过程及其生态影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):206-215.
[15] 安红燕,徐海量,叶茂,等.塔里木河下游生态输水后胡杨径向生长量的时空变化[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):29-34.
[16] 龚君君,叶茂,禹朴家,等.生态输水对塔里木河下游胡杨主干径向生长量影响研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(2):162-166.
[17] 尚华明,尹仔锋,魏文寿,等.基于树木年轮宽度重建塔里木盆地西北缘水汽压变化[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1283-1290.
[18] 李金建,邵雪梅,李媛媛,等.1854-2010年川西高原北部初夏气温变化与全球海表温度关系初探[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(4):1024-1035.
[19] 张瑞波,尚华明,袁玉江,等.基于树轮δ¹³C的阿尔泰山南坡夏季降水变化分析[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):106-112.
[20] 秦莉,袁玉江,喻树龙,等.赛里木湖流域雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)径向生长对气候变化的响应[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):113-119.
[21] 徐长春,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.塔里木河流域近50年气候变化及其水文过程响应[J].科学通报,2006,51(增刊1):21-30.
[22] 徐海量,叶茂,宋郁东.塔里木河源流区气候变化和年径流量关系初探[J].地理科学,2007,27(2):219-224.
[23] 刘东,付强.基于小波变换的三江平原低湿地井灌区年降水序列变化趋势分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(3):380-384.
[24] 樊自立.塔里木河与罗布泊研究[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2011.
[25] 樊自立,陈亚宁,王亚俊.新疆塔里木河及其河道变迁研究[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(1):8-15.