胡杨(Populus euphratica)种子萌发及胚生长对盐旱胁迫的响应

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00173

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 测定了适宜温度和光照条件下胡杨（Populus euphratica）种子萌发及胚生长对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明：（1）胡杨种子萌发的最佳条件是25℃/30℃和12 h光照/12 h黑暗的温光组合。光照虽然影响胚根的生长、抑制胚轴的伸长，但有利于子叶长度的增加和子叶叶绿素的合成。低温（10℃/15℃、15℃/20℃）和高温（35℃/40℃）不利于胚根的伸长和子叶生长；黑暗条件下温度显著影响胚轴生长。（2）不同渗透势溶液对胡杨种子萌发后子叶的展开和胚根的生长影响较大。当溶液渗透势在-0.2～0 MPa时，胚的生长不受影响；而渗透势低于-0.2 MPa，下胚轴、胚根和子叶的生长都受到抑制，尤其当溶液渗透势低于-0.6 MPa时，子叶的展开也受到影响。-0.2 MPa是胡杨胚生长的一个临界渗透势。（3）胚根、子叶生长对NaCl胁迫比较敏感，表现为种子在0～0.80 mol·L^-1NaCl溶液浓度范围内可以萌发，但胚根和子叶的生长在0.05 mol·L^-1浓度时与对照存在显著差异；在溶液浓度大于0.10 mol·L^-1时子叶出现黄化现象；而在0.20～0.80 mol·L^-1范围内子叶则不能正常展开。胡杨种子快速集中地萌发，是对干旱少雨环境的一种适应；而萌发后水、盐胁迫对胡杨胚生长的影响，是限制胡杨实生繁殖成功的关键。

关键词: 胡杨(Populus euphratica), 种子萌发, 胚生长, 盐旱胁迫

Abstract: The seed germination and embryo growth of Populus euphratica in response to salt and drought stress under optimum temperature and light conditions were determined. The results showed that:(1) The optimum temperature and light condition for P. euphratica seed germination and embryo growth was 25℃/30℃ and 12h light/12h darkness. Although light has negative impact on the growth of radicle and inhibited the elongation of hypocotyl, but benefit for the increasing of cotyledon length and the chlorophyll synthesis of the cotyledon. Lower temperature (10℃/15℃, 15℃/20℃) and higher temperature (35℃/40℃) were not conducive to the length elongation of radicle and cotyledon growth; Temperature has a significant effect on the hypocotyl growth under dark condition. (2) Solutions with different osmotic potential have significant effects on the growth of radicle and cotyledon expansion after germination. When the osmotic potential of solution were between -0.2-0 MPa, the embryo growth was not affected; while, when the osmotic potential was lower than -0.2 MPa, the growth of hypocotyl, cotyledon and radicle were inhibited, especially when the solution potential is lower than -0.6 MPa, the cotyledons' unfolding was inhibited either. -0.2 MPa is a critical osmotic potential for the embryo growth of P. euphratica. (3) The growth of radicle, cotyledon was more sensitive to NaCl stress than seed germination, as the seeds could germinated in NaCl concentration range from 0-0.80 mol·L^-1, while the growth of radicle and cotyledons in NaCl concentration of 0.05 mol·L^-1 were significantly different from the one in the control, and when the solution NaCl concentration is greater than 0.10 mol·L^-1, the cotyledons showed etiolation, and in NaCl concentration range from 0.20-0.80 mol·L^-1, cotyledons cannot unfolding. The fast and concentrated seed germination trait of P. euphratica, is an adaptation strategy to drought and less rainfall environment; while, the influence of drought and salt stress on the embryo growth after germination became the key restrict factors for the seedling reproduction of P. euphratica.

Key words: Populus euphratica, seed germination, embryo growth, salt and drought stress

中图分类号:

S330.2

张肖, 王旭, 焦培培, 李志军. 胡杨(Populus euphratica)种子萌发及胚生长对盐旱胁迫的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016, 36(6): 1597-1605.

Zhang Xiao, Wang Xu, Jiao Peipei, Li Zhijun. Response of Seed Germination and Embryo Growth to Salt Stress and Drought Stress of Populus euphratica[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2016, 36(6): 1597-1605.

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