祁连山南坡主要流域河水稳定同位素特征及补给关系

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00085

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受气候变化和人类活动影响，高寒山区的径流过程发生了明显变化，其复杂的水文过程影响着整个西北内陆地区水资源分配格局。本文选取中国内陆地区具有典型代表和重要生态价值的祁连山南坡为研究区，基于稳定同位素原理和空间分析技术，研究了祁连山南坡2018年8月及2019年8月大通河、野牛沟河、八宝河及托勒河的氢氧同位素组成特征及其空间分布，并在端元混合模型的基础上，估算和探讨了不同水源对河流的补给比例以及补给差异的原因，结果显示：（1）祁连山南坡河水δ¹⁸O与δD值范围分别为-10.02‰~-6.35‰、-61.05‰~ -38.11‰，平均值分别为-8.38‰和-49.91‰，氘盈余（d-excess）值均大于全球雨水氘盈余均值10‰，河水的蒸发线方程为δD=4.87δ¹⁸O-9.08（R²=0.87，n=158）。（2）大通河中上游地区主要受降雨补给，补给比例为80.8%；中下游主要受地下水补给，补给比例为67.4%。野牛沟河补给来源主要为降水和地下水，占比分别为40.9%和53.9%；八宝河上游主要受降水和井水影响，下游受井水影响居多。托勒河降雨和地下水补给比例分别为46.9%和53.1%。不同水源的汇入是祁连山南坡源头流域河水氢氧稳定同位素空间存在差异的主要原因。

关键词: 河水, 氢氧稳定同位素, 空间分布, 补给关系, 祁连山南坡

Abstract:

Affected by climate change and human activities， the runoff process in arid alpine regions has undergone significant changes， and complex hydrological processes has an impact on the distribution pattern of water resources throughout the northwest inland region. Takes the southern slope of Qilian Mountains in China as an example， The paper uses the spatial isolation method and the δD-δ¹⁸O linear relationship method to analyse hydrogen and oxygen isotopes characteristics and spatial distribution of the Datong River， Yeniugou River， Babao River， and Tuole River on the southern slope of Qilian Mountains in August 2018 and August 2019. What’s more， the End-member Mixing model was used to estimate the recharge ratio of different water sources to the river， It is revealed that：（1） The δ¹⁸O and δD value of the four rivers on the southern slope of the Qilian Mountains range from -10.02‰ to -6.35‰, -61.05‰ to -38.11‰, respectively. The average values are -8.38‰ and -49.91‰ respectively， and the d-excess values are greater than the global average deuterium surplus of rainwater by 10‰. （2） The middle and upper reaches of the Datong River are mainly recharged by rainfall， and the recharge ratio is 80.8%； the middle and lower reaches are recharged by groundwater， and the recharge ratio is 67.4%. The recharge sources of Yeniugou river are mainly precipitation and well water， accounting for 40.9% and 53.9% respectively； The upper reaches of Babao River are mainly affected by precipitation and well water， and the downstream is mostly affected by well water. The rainfall and groundwater recharge ratios in the Tuole River are 46.9% and 53.1%， respectively. The influx of different water sources is the main reason why the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of river waters are different in the headwaters basin of the southern slope of the Qilian Mountains， precipitation and groundwater are major recharge sources of river water.

Key words: river water, stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, spatial distribution, recharge relationship, southern slope of Qilian Mountains

中图分类号:

P342

刘芳, 曹广超, 曹生奎, 杨羽帆. 祁连山南坡主要流域河水稳定同位素特征及补给关系[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(6): 151-161.

Fang Liu, Guangchao Cao, Shengkui Cao, Yufan Yang. Research on stable isotope characteristics and recharge relationship of the main river on the southern slope of Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(6): 151-161.

图/表 8

图1 研究区位置及采样概况图(本文所指地下水主要为井水，与泉水存在区别)

Fig.1 Location of the study area and distribution of the sampling sites

表1 主要河流氢氧稳定同位素组成

Table 1 Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic composition in main river

类型	δ¹⁸O/‰			δD/‰
类型	平均值±标准差	最大值	最小值	平均值±标准差	最大值	最小值
大通河水	-8.07±0.71	-10.02	-6.35	-48.61±3.96	-61.05	-38.11
野牛沟河水	-8.75±0.52	-9.73	-7.75	-51.45±2.77	-58.19	-45.22
八宝河水	-8.79±0.59	-9.95	-7.89	-50.72±3.45	-56.67	-43.16
托勒河水	-8.58±0.53	-10.01	-7.75	-51.83±2.49	-57.83	-48.13

图2 不同河流河水δ18O、δD的关系

Fig.2 Relationship between δ18O and δD in different rivers

图3 祁连山南坡主要河流干流δ18O沿程变化

Fig.3 Variation of δ18O along main stream of river water on the southern slope of Qilian Mountains

图4 祁连山南坡主要河流干流δ18O、δD与海拔的关系

Fig.4 Relationship between δ18O、δD and altitude in the main stream of river water on the southern slope of Qilian Mountains

图5 野牛沟河、八宝河、托勒河和大通河河水δ18O值的空间插值拟合分布图及趋势分析

Fig.5 Spatial interpolation fitting distribution map and trend analysis of δ18O value in Yeniugou River, Babao River, Tuole River, and Datong River

图6 祁连山南坡主要河流补给关系

Fig.6 Recharge relationship of main rivers on the southern slope of Qilian Mountains

图7 祁连山南坡主要河流补给比例

Fig.7 Recharge ratio of main rivers on the southern slope of Qilian Mountains

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