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中国沙漠 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 151-161.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00085

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祁连山南坡主要流域河水稳定同位素特征及补给关系

刘芳1(), 曹广超1(), 曹生奎1, 杨羽帆2   

  1. 1.青海师范大学 地理科学学院/青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室/青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810008
    2.陕西师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,陕西 西安 710119
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-23 修回日期:2020-11-03 出版日期:2020-12-09 发布日期:2020-12-09
  • 通讯作者: 曹广超
  • 作者简介:曹广超(E-mail: Caoguangchao@qhnu.edu.cn
    刘芳(1993—),女,山西临汾人,主要从事生态水文方面的研究。E-mail: liufang658@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省自然科学基金项目(2018-ZJ-903);青海省重大科技专项(2019-SF-A12);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404304)

Research on stable isotope characteristics and recharge relationship of the main river on the southern slope of Qilian Mountains

Fang Liu1(), Guangchao Cao1(), Shengkui Cao1, Yufan Yang2   

  1. 1.School of Geographical Sciences / Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processes / MOE Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China
    2.School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China
  • Received:2020-09-23 Revised:2020-11-03 Online:2020-12-09 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Guangchao Cao

摘要:

受气候变化和人类活动影响,高寒山区的径流过程发生了明显变化,其复杂的水文过程影响着整个西北内陆地区水资源分配格局。本文选取中国内陆地区具有典型代表和重要生态价值的祁连山南坡为研究区,基于稳定同位素原理和空间分析技术,研究了祁连山南坡2018年8月及2019年8月大通河、野牛沟河、八宝河及托勒河的氢氧同位素组成特征及其空间分布,并在端元混合模型的基础上,估算和探讨了不同水源对河流的补给比例以及补给差异的原因,结果显示:(1)祁连山南坡河水δ18O与δD值范围分别为-10.02‰~-6.35‰、-61.05‰~ -38.11‰,平均值分别为-8.38‰和-49.91‰,氘盈余(d-excess)值均大于全球雨水氘盈余均值10‰,河水的蒸发线方程为δD=4.87δ18O-9.08(R2=0.87,n=158)。(2)大通河中上游地区主要受降雨补给,补给比例为80.8%;中下游主要受地下水补给,补给比例为67.4%。野牛沟河补给来源主要为降水和地下水,占比分别为40.9%和53.9%;八宝河上游主要受降水和井水影响,下游受井水影响居多。托勒河降雨和地下水补给比例分别为46.9%和53.1%。不同水源的汇入是祁连山南坡源头流域河水氢氧稳定同位素空间存在差异的主要原因。

关键词: 河水, 氢氧稳定同位素, 空间分布, 补给关系, 祁连山南坡

Abstract:

Affected by climate change and human activities, the runoff process in arid alpine regions has undergone significant changes, and complex hydrological processes has an impact on the distribution pattern of water resources throughout the northwest inland region. Takes the southern slope of Qilian Mountains in China as an example, The paper uses the spatial isolation method and the δD-δ18O linear relationship method to analyse hydrogen and oxygen isotopes characteristics and spatial distribution of the Datong River, Yeniugou River, Babao River, and Tuole River on the southern slope of Qilian Mountains in August 2018 and August 2019. What’s more, the End-member Mixing model was used to estimate the recharge ratio of different water sources to the river, It is revealed that: (1) The δ18O and δD value of the four rivers on the southern slope of the Qilian Mountains range from -10.02‰ to -6.35‰, -61.05‰ to -38.11‰, respectively. The average values are -8.38‰ and -49.91‰ respectively, and the d-excess values are greater than the global average deuterium surplus of rainwater by 10‰. (2) The middle and upper reaches of the Datong River are mainly recharged by rainfall, and the recharge ratio is 80.8%; the middle and lower reaches are recharged by groundwater, and the recharge ratio is 67.4%. The recharge sources of Yeniugou river are mainly precipitation and well water, accounting for 40.9% and 53.9% respectively; The upper reaches of Babao River are mainly affected by precipitation and well water, and the downstream is mostly affected by well water. The rainfall and groundwater recharge ratios in the Tuole River are 46.9% and 53.1%, respectively. The influx of different water sources is the main reason why the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of river waters are different in the headwaters basin of the southern slope of the Qilian Mountains, precipitation and groundwater are major recharge sources of river water.

Key words: river water, stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, spatial distribution, recharge relationship, southern slope of Qilian Mountains

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