img

官方微信

  • CN 62-1070/P
  • ISSN 1000-694X
  • 双月刊 创刊于1981年
高级检索
天气与气候

沙尘对兰州市大气环境质量的影响

  • 郭勇涛 ,
  • 辛金元 ,
  • 李旭 ,
  • 王式功 ,
  • 李江萍
展开
  • 1. 兰州大学 大气科学学院/半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2. 中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京 100029
郭勇涛(1974-),男,河南开封人,讲师,主要研究方向为空气污染。Email: guoyt@lzu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2014-05-19

  修回日期: 2014-08-07

  网络出版日期: 2015-07-20

基金资助

兰州大学2014-中央高校基本科研业务费项目(lzujbky-2014-101)

Characteristics of Dust Events and Their Influence on Air Quality of Lanzhou, China

  • Guo Yongtao ,
  • Xin Jinyuan ,
  • Li Xu ,
  • Wang Shigong ,
  • Li Jiangping
Expand
  • 1. College of Atmospheric Sciences/Key Laboratory of Semi-arid Climate Changes, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received date: 2014-05-19

  Revised date: 2014-08-07

  Online published: 2015-07-20

摘要

利用1951-2010年甘肃省气象局地面观测站沙尘气象资料和2006-2010年兰州环保局PM10、SO2、NO2质量浓度资料,分析了兰州市沙尘天气时间变化特征及其对SO2、NO2、PM10等大气污染物浓度的影响。结果表明:近60年来兰州市沙尘天气总体上呈现振荡性减少的趋势,沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘年变化倾向率分别为-0.15 d、-0.72 d和-0.97 d,这与上游沙尘源区沙尘天气振荡性减少有关。沙尘对兰州地区SO2和NO2质量浓度影响不大,对PM2.5质量浓度和PM1.0数浓度的变化有一定的贡献,但对PM10质量浓度影响非常大,沙尘对春季PM10质量浓度的贡献率在18.4%~43.1%。对2007年5月10日一次强沙尘天气过程研究发现,随着沙尘天气的侵入,兰州市不同粒径气溶胶的浓度陡然上升,然后达到较高的浓度水平,之后由于沙尘天气的减弱、消退或离境,不同粒径气溶胶浓度也逐渐降低并缓慢恢复到正常水平。

本文引用格式

郭勇涛 , 辛金元 , 李旭 , 王式功 , 李江萍 . 沙尘对兰州市大气环境质量的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015 , 35(4) : 977 -982 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00106

Abstract

Based on the dust events data from Gansu Meteorological Bureau from 1951 to 2005 and air pollutant data including PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations from Lanzhou Environmental Monitoring Station, the temporal distribution characteristics of dust events and the impacts of dust events on SO2, NO2 and PM10 concentrations were analyzed. The dust storm, blowing dust and floating dust generally descended from 1951 to 2000 in Lanzhou, and their change tendency rate were on average -0.15, -0.72, -0.97 days per year, respectively. The impacts of dust events on SO2 and NO2 concentrations were little, and were obvious on both PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentrations, but were serious on PM10 concentration, the contribute of dust events on PM10 concentration in spring were between 18.4% and 43.1%. During a severe dust event process on May 10, 2007, PM10 concentration sharply increased with dust intrusion, then, it reached relatively high level, afterwards gradually dropped and recovered to the normal concentration level because of dust weakening, fading or leaving. PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentrations also somewhat increased during dust event, the characteristics of their variations were similar to PM10 concentration.

参考文献

[1] 姚青,蔡子颖,韩素芹,等.一次沙尘过程对天津气溶胶浓度分布的影响[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):1138-1143.
[2] 李亮,李健军,王瑞斌,等.2005-2010年沙尘天气影响我国城市环境空气质量分析[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):15-19.
[3] Chan C C,Chuang K J,Chen W J,et al.Increasing cardiopulmonary emergency visits by long-range transported Asian dust storms in Taiwan[J].Environmental Research,2008,106(3):393-400.
[4] Goudie A S.Desert dust and human health disorders[J].Environment International,2014,63(2):101-113.
[5] Prasad A K,Sachchidanand S,Chauhan S S,et al.Aerosol radiative forcing over the Indo-Gangetic plains during major dust storms[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(29):6289-6301.
[6] Rosenfold D,Rudich Y,Lahav R.Desert dust suppressing precipitation:A possible desertification feedback loop[J].Proceeding of National Academy Science,2001,98(11):5975-5980.
[7] Coale K H,Johnson K S,Fitzwater S E,et al.A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean[J].Nature,1996,383:495-501.
[8] 张小曳.2001亚洲粉尘的源区分布、释放、输送、沉降与黄土堆积[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(1):29-39.
[9] Wang Y Q,Zhang X Y,Arimoto R.The contribution from distant dust sources to the atmospheric particulate matter loadings at XiAn,China during spring[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,368(2/3):875-883.
[10] Wang S G,Yuan W, Shang K Z.The impacts of different kinds of dust events on PM10 pollution in northern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(40):7975-7982.
[11] Tao J,Zhang L M,Zhang R J.et al.Chemical composition of PM2.5 in an urban environment in Chengdu,China:Importance of springtime dust storms and biomass burning[J].Atmospheric Research,2013,122(3):270-283
[12] Liu Q Y,Liu Y J,Yin J X.et al.Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of PM10 during Asian dust storm and non-dust storm days in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,91:85-94.
[13] Zhang G S,Guo J H,Yuan H.et al.The compositions,sources,and size distribution of the dust storm from China in spring of 2000 and its impact on the global environment[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2001,46(11):895-900
[14] Guo J H,Rahn K A,Zhuang G S.A mechanism for the increase of pollution elements in dust storms in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38:855-862.
[15] Wang Y,Zhuang,G S,Sun Y L,et al.Water-soluble part of the aerosol in the dust storm season-evidence of the mixing between mineral and pollution aerosols[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39:7020-7029.
[16] Xie S D,Yu T,Zhang Y H,et al.Characteristics of PM10,SO2,NO\-x and O3 in ambient air during the dust storm period in Beijing[J].Science of the Total Environment,2005,345:153-164.
[17] Han L H,Zhuang G S,Cheng S Y,et al.The mineral aerosol and its impact on urban pollution aerosols over Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41:7533-7546
[18] Fu Q Y,Zhuang G S,Li J,et al.Source,long-range transport,and characteristics of a heavy dust pollution event in Shanghai[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2010,115:D00K29.
[19] Wang L,Du H H,Chen J M,et al.Consecutive transport of anthropogenic air masses and dust storm plume:two case events at Shanghai,China[J].Atmospheric Research,2013,127(6):22-33.
[20] 杨民,王式功,李文莉,等.沙尘暴天气对兰州市环境影响的个例分析[J].气象,2001,30(4):46-50.
[21] 张宁,金小天.兰州市区春季PM10污染特征[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(22):11871-11872.
[22] 王式功,杨民,祁斌,等.甘肃河西沙尘暴对兰州市空气污染的影响[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(4):354-358.
[23] 肖正辉,邵龙义,张宁,等.兰州沙尘暴过程对PM10组成变化的影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2010,29(3):506-508.
[24] 李玉霖,拓万全,崔建垣.兰州市沙尘和非沙尘天气沉降物的化学特性比较[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(4):648-651.
[25] Fu P J,Huang J P,Li C W,et al.The properties of dust aerosol and reducing tendency of the dust storms in northwest China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(23):5896-5904.
[26] 李国翠,王建国,连志鸾.石家庄大气污染与沙尘天气的关系分析[J].气象与环境学报,2007,23(2):1-5.
[27] 徐晓峰,张小玲,李青春.北京地区一次强沙尘天气过程的气象因子及空气污染状况分析[J].气象科技,2003,31:321-327.
[28] 岳平,牛生杰,沈建国,等.一次特强沙尘暴的微气象要素及PM10观测分析[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18:118-123.
[29] Li X P,Feng L N,Huang C H,et al.Chemical characteristics of atmospheric fallout in the south of Xi'an during the dust episodes of 2001-2012(NWChina)[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,83:109-118.
[30] 桑建人,孙银川,刘玉兰.银川市PM10等气象条件分析[J].陕西气象,2002,(2):26-29.
[31] Tatarov B,Müller D,Noh Y M,et al.Record heavy mineral dust outbreaks over Korea in 2010:two cases observed with multiwavelength aerosol/depolarization/Raman-quartz lidar[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39:L14801.
文章导航

/