img

官方微信

  • CN 62-1070/P
  • ISSN 1000-694X
  • 双月刊 创刊于1981年
高级检索
生物与土壤

胡杨(Populus euphratica)种子萌发及胚生长对盐旱胁迫的响应

  • 张肖 ,
  • 王旭 ,
  • 焦培培 ,
  • 李志军
展开
  • 1. 新疆生产建设兵团 塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室, 新疆 阿拉尔 843300;
    2. 塔里木大学 植物科学学院, 新疆 阿拉尔 843300;
    3. 塔里木大学 生命科学学院, 新疆 阿拉尔 843300;
    4. 中国农业大学 农学与生物技术学院, 北京 100193
张肖(1990-),男,河南商丘人,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区生物多样性保育。E-mail:tlmdxzx@163.com

收稿日期: 2015-08-26

  修回日期: 2015-11-13

  网络出版日期: 2016-11-20

基金资助

国家科技支撑计划专题(2013BAC10B01);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB723204);新疆生产建设兵团科技计划生物资源专项(2012BB045);塔里木大学校长基金创新群体项目(TDZKSS201302)

Response of Seed Germination and Embryo Growth to Salt Stress and Drought Stress of Populus euphratica

  • Zhang Xiao ,
  • Wang Xu ,
  • Jiao Peipei ,
  • Li Zhijun
Expand
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China;
    2. College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China;
    3. College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China;
    4. College of Agriculture and Bio-technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2015-08-26

  Revised date: 2015-11-13

  Online published: 2016-11-20

摘要

测定了适宜温度和光照条件下胡杨(Populus euphratica)种子萌发及胚生长对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明:(1)胡杨种子萌发的最佳条件是25℃/30℃和12 h光照/12 h黑暗的温光组合。光照虽然影响胚根的生长、抑制胚轴的伸长,但有利于子叶长度的增加和子叶叶绿素的合成。低温(10℃/15℃、15℃/20℃)和高温(35℃/40℃)不利于胚根的伸长和子叶生长;黑暗条件下温度显著影响胚轴生长。(2)不同渗透势溶液对胡杨种子萌发后子叶的展开和胚根的生长影响较大。当溶液渗透势在-0.2~0 MPa时,胚的生长不受影响;而渗透势低于-0.2 MPa,下胚轴、胚根和子叶的生长都受到抑制,尤其当溶液渗透势低于-0.6 MPa时,子叶的展开也受到影响。-0.2 MPa是胡杨胚生长的一个临界渗透势。(3)胚根、子叶生长对NaCl胁迫比较敏感,表现为种子在0~0.80 mol·L-1NaCl溶液浓度范围内可以萌发,但胚根和子叶的生长在0.05 mol·L-1浓度时与对照存在显著差异;在溶液浓度大于0.10 mol·L-1时子叶出现黄化现象;而在0.20~0.80 mol·L-1范围内子叶则不能正常展开。胡杨种子快速集中地萌发,是对干旱少雨环境的一种适应;而萌发后水、盐胁迫对胡杨胚生长的影响,是限制胡杨实生繁殖成功的关键。

本文引用格式

张肖 , 王旭 , 焦培培 , 李志军 . 胡杨(Populus euphratica)种子萌发及胚生长对盐旱胁迫的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016 , 36(6) : 1597 -1605 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00173

Abstract

The seed germination and embryo growth of Populus euphratica in response to salt and drought stress under optimum temperature and light conditions were determined. The results showed that:(1) The optimum temperature and light condition for P. euphratica seed germination and embryo growth was 25℃/30℃ and 12h light/12h darkness. Although light has negative impact on the growth of radicle and inhibited the elongation of hypocotyl, but benefit for the increasing of cotyledon length and the chlorophyll synthesis of the cotyledon. Lower temperature (10℃/15℃, 15℃/20℃) and higher temperature (35℃/40℃) were not conducive to the length elongation of radicle and cotyledon growth; Temperature has a significant effect on the hypocotyl growth under dark condition. (2) Solutions with different osmotic potential have significant effects on the growth of radicle and cotyledon expansion after germination. When the osmotic potential of solution were between -0.2-0 MPa, the embryo growth was not affected; while, when the osmotic potential was lower than -0.2 MPa, the growth of hypocotyl, cotyledon and radicle were inhibited, especially when the solution potential is lower than -0.6 MPa, the cotyledons' unfolding was inhibited either. -0.2 MPa is a critical osmotic potential for the embryo growth of P. euphratica. (3) The growth of radicle, cotyledon was more sensitive to NaCl stress than seed germination, as the seeds could germinated in NaCl concentration range from 0-0.80 mol·L-1, while the growth of radicle and cotyledons in NaCl concentration of 0.05 mol·L-1 were significantly different from the one in the control, and when the solution NaCl concentration is greater than 0.10 mol·L-1, the cotyledons showed etiolation, and in NaCl concentration range from 0.20-0.80 mol·L-1, cotyledons cannot unfolding. The fast and concentrated seed germination trait of P. euphratica, is an adaptation strategy to drought and less rainfall environment; while, the influence of drought and salt stress on the embryo growth after germination became the key restrict factors for the seedling reproduction of P. euphratica.

参考文献

[1] 傅立国.中国植物红皮书:稀有濒危植物[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[2] 王世绩.全球胡杨资源保护和恢复现状[J].世界林业研究,1996,6:37-44.
[3] 曹德昌,李景文.胡杨种群生殖生态学研究进展[J].科学技术与工程,2009,9(5):1671-1819.
[4] 张玉波,李景文,张昊,等.额济纳胡杨有性繁殖失败因素分析[J].科学科技与工程,2005,5(8):467-472.
[5] 于军,段黄金.胡杨和灰叶胡杨繁殖技术研究现状[J].塔里木农垦大学学报,2000,12(3):35-37.
[6] Fladung M.Efficient in vitro plantlet regeneration in Populus euphratica Oliver[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2013,12(8):826-832.
[7] 武逢平,李俊清,李景文,等.胡杨(Populus euphratica)在额济纳绿洲三种生境内的根蘖繁殖特性[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):4703-4709.
[8] 刘建平,周正立,李志军,等.胡杨、灰叶胡杨果实空间分布及其数量特性的研究[J].植物研究,2005,25(3):336-343.
[9] 张玉波,李景文,张昊,等.胡杨种子散布的时空分布格局[J].生态学报,2005,25(8):1994-2000.
[10] 郭学民,刘埃枝,王芳华.胡杨种子微形态结构特征及其耐旱性[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2013,27(1):23-26.
[11] 华鹏.胡杨实生苗在河漫滩自然发生和初期生长的研究[J].新疆环境保护,2003,25(4):14-17.
[12] 李志军,刘建平,于军,等.胡杨、灰叶胡杨生物生态学特性调查[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(7):1292-1296.
[13] Hao P,Zhang N,Liu Q W,et al.The effects of water and soil types on the seed germination and seedling survival of Populus euphratica in arid region in China[J].Eurasian Journal of Forest Research,2012,15(1):53-61.
[14] 赵振勇,张科,卢磊,等.塔里木河中游洪水漫溢区荒漠河岸林实生苗更新[J].生态学报,2011,31(12):3322-3329.
[15] 郑光华.种子生理研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:15.
[16] Gutterman Y.Strategies of seed dispersal and germination in plants inhabiting deserts[J].The Botanical Review,1994,60(4):373-425.
[17] Dürr C,Dickie J B,Yang X Y,et al.Ranges of critical temperature and water potential values for the germination of species worldwide:Contribution to a seed trait database[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2015,200:222-232.
[18] Geraldine L D,Donovan L.Water potential and ionic effects on germination and seedling growth of two cold desert shrubs[J].American Journal of Botany,1999,86(8):1146-1153.
[19] Wolfgang S,Milberg P,Lamont B B.Germination requirements and seedling responses to water availability and soil type in four eucalypt species[J].Acta Oecologica,2002,23:23-30.
[20] 李俊清,卢琦,褚建民,等.额济纳绿洲胡杨林研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[21] 张肖,王瑞清,李志军.胡杨种子萌发对温光条件和盐旱胁迫的响应特征[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(8):1642-1649.
[22] Li L,Zhang X M,Runge M,et al.Responses of germination and radicle growth of two Populus species to water potential and salinity[J].Forestry Studies in China,2006,8(1):10-15.
[23] 李利,张希明,何兴元.胡杨种子萌发和胚根生长对环境因子变化的响应[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(4):520-525.
[24] 刘建平,李志军,何良荣,等.胡杨、灰叶胡杨种子萌发期抗盐性的研究[J].林业科学,2004,40(2):165-169.
[25] 王海珍,韩露,贾文锁.胡杨(Populus euphraticu)与灰胡杨(Populus pruinosa)种子萌发对不同盐类胁迫的响应[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):743-750.
[26] 于晓,严成,朱小虎,等.盐分和贮藏对胡杨种子萌发的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(1):12-15.
[27] 安桂香,曾凡江,刘波,等.胡杨种子出苗对沙埋和供水条件的响应[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):436-441.
[28] 高瑞如,黄培祐,赵瑞华.胡杨种子萌发及幼苗适应机制研究[J].淮北煤炭师范学院学报,2004,25(2):47-50.
[29] Michel B E,Kaufmann M R.The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000[J].Plant Physiology,1973.51:914-916.
[30] 任珺,余方可,陶玲.荒漠植物种子逆境萌发研究进展[J].植物研究,2011,31(1):121-128.
[31] 张勇,薛贵林,高天鹏,等.荒漠植物种子萌发研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):106-112.
[32] Alabadí D,Gil J,Blázquez M A,et al.Gibberellins repress photomorphogenesis in darkness[J].Plant Physiology,2004,134:1050-1057.
[33] 李有志,黄继山,朱杰辉.光照和温度对小叶章种子萌发及其幼苗生长的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,33(2):187-190.
[34] 马海鸽,蒋齐,王占军,等.温度和光照对不同预处理野生甘草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(5):225-229.
[35] Miguel D L,Davière J M,Mariana R F,et al.A molecular framework for light and gibberellin control of cell elongation[J].Nature,2008,451:480-484.
[36] 李合生.现代植物生理[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[37] Lockhart J.How ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 Helps Protect Plants from UV-B Rays[J].Plant Cell,2014,26:3826.
[38] 苌伟,吴建国,刘艳红.荒漠木本植物种子萌发研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):436-444.
[39] 于军,焦培培.聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟干旱胁迫抑制矮沙冬青种子的萌发[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2010,29(2):355-360.
[40] 杨景宁,王彦荣.PEG模拟干旱胁迫对四种荒漠植物种子萌发的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(6):23-29.
[41] Munns R.Comparative physiology of salt and water stress[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2002,25:239-250.
[42] 高茜,李毅,苏世平,等.盐胁迫对红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)种子吸胀过程中生理特性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):83-87.
[43] 高瑞如,赵瑞华,张双风,等.盐分和温度对盐节木种子萌发的影响[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(11):2281-2285.
[44] 黄振英,张新时,Gutterman Y,等.光照、温度和盐分对梭梭种子萌发的影响[J].植物生理学报,2001,27(3):275-280.
[45] 杨帆,曹德昌,杨学军,等.盐生植物角果碱蓬种子二型性对环境的适应策略[J].植物生态学报,2013,36(8):781-790.
[46] 傅荩仪,徐海量,赵新风,等.塔里木河下游漫溢干扰频次和持续时间对河岸植被和土壤的影响差异[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):11-20.
文章导航

/