中国北方一次沙尘天气过程的数值模拟
收稿日期: 2015-09-21
修回日期: 2015-11-01
网络出版日期: 2017-03-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41405003);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2015-10,lzujbky-2015-ct03)
Numerical Modeling of a Dust Storm Process in Northern China
Received date: 2015-09-21
Revised date: 2015-11-01
Online published: 2017-03-20
选取中国北方地区2012年4月22-24日的一次沙尘天气过程,综合分析了多种地面与卫星观测资料,并在此基础上采用WRF-Chem模式(Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry)对本次沙尘天气过程的起沙和传输进行数值模拟,并与卫星遥感、地面激光雷达等观测数据进行对比验证。结果表明:此次过程是由地面冷锋和高空短波槽共同作用引起的。WRF-Chem模式模拟结果较好再现了此次沙尘过程的时空分布特征,与地面观测的沙尘天气发生地点基本一致。沙尘天气发生前后,地面观测站各气象要素有明显变化,表现出大风、降温、正变压。WRF-Chem模式模拟的气温和湿度变化趋势与观测基本一致。地面观测得到的PM10质量浓度与消光系数在沙尘过程期间均上升达到高值,模拟能够很好地反映PM10质量浓度的整体变化趋势,但峰值低于观测结果。采用HYSPLIT模式进行后向轨迹模拟,进一步表明本次沙尘过程的源地主要为塔克拉玛干沙漠与古尔班通古特沙漠。前向轨迹模拟结果表明沙尘传输路径自新疆起始,途经内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏、陕西。
关键词: 沙尘天气; WRF-Chem模式; 数值模拟
康丽泰 , 陈思宇 . 中国北方一次沙尘天气过程的数值模拟[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017 , 37(2) : 321 -331 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00246
A dust storm case during April 22-24, 2012 was studied by analyzing muti-type ground-based observation and satellite observation data, and the WRF-Chem model (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) was used to simulate the emission and transport process of this dust storm, and the simulation result is verified by observation results including satellite and ground-based lidar data. The results show that this event is mainly caused by the surface cold front and the upper trough. The simulation result represents the spatial and temporal distribution of dust, which is in accord with the meteorological records at surface stations. Meteorological parameters observed at the surface station changed dramatically during this period, which is associated with strong wind, decreasing temperature and increasing pressure. Simulated surface temperature and humidity are generally in accord with the observation results. Observed PM10 mass concentration and extinction coefficient rose significantly during this period. Simulation results of these variables well represent the overall trend, while peak value is lower than the observation. This study also apply HYSPLIT model to simulate the backward trajectory of the dust, which further conform that dust are mainly originated from Taklimakan desert and Gurbantunggut desert. The forward trajectory simulation shows that dust was transported across Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and Shanxi.
Key words: dust storm; WRF-Chem model; numerical simulation
[1] 康晓风,张建辉,刘红辉.沙尘天气对我国城市空气质量影响的范围与强度分析[J].资源科学,2002,24(4):1-4.
[2] 王金玉,李盛,王式功,等.沙尘污染对暴露人群呼吸系统健康的影响[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):826-831.
[3] 冯鑫媛,王式功,杨德保,等.近几年沙尘天气对中国北方环保重点城市可吸入颗粒物污染的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(3):735-740.
[4] Wang S,Wang J,Zhou Z,et al.Regional characteristics of three kinds of dust storm events in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(3):509-520.
[5] Wang X,Huang J,Ji M,et al.Variability of East Asia dust events and their long-term trend[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(13):3156-3165.
[6] Kang L,Huang J,Chen S,et al.Long-term trends of dust events over Tibetan Plateau during 1961-2010[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,125:188-198.
[7] Huang J,Ge J,Weng F.Detection of Asia dust storms using multisensor satellite measurements[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2007,110(2):186-191.
[8] Chen B,Huang J,Minnis P,et al.Detection of dust aerosol by combining CALIPSO active lidar and passive ⅡR measurements[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(9):4241-4251.
[9] Sun J,Zhang M,Liu T.Spatial and temporal characteristics of dust storms in China and its surrounding regions,1960-1999:Relations to source area and climate[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(D10):325-333.
[10] Qian W,Quan L,Shi S.Variations of the dust storm in China and its climatic control[J].Journal of Climate,2002,15(10):1216-1229.
[11] Chen S,Huang J,Qian Y,et al.Effects of aerosols on autumn precipitation over mid-eastern China[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2014,20(3):242-250.
[12] Shao Y,Yang Y,Wang J,et al.Northeast Asian dust storms:Real-time numerical prediction and validation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2003,108(D22):4691-4709.
[13] Uno I,Carmichael G R,Streets D G,et al.Regional chemical weather forecasting system CFORS:Model descriptions and analysis of surface observations at Japanese island stations during the ACE-Asia experiment[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2003,108(D23):8668-8685.
[14] Gong S L,Zhang X Y,Zhao T L,et al.Characterization of soil dust aerosol in China and its transport and distribution during 2001 ACE-Asia:2.model simulation and validation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2003,108(D9):4262-4281.
[15] Lin C,Wang Z,Chen W,et al.Long-range transport of Asian dust and air pollutants to Taiwan:observed evidence and model simulation[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2007,7(2):423-434.
[16] 赵建华,李耀辉,蒲朝霞,等.GRAPES沙尘数值预报系统对一次沙尘暴沙尘浓度同化模拟试验分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(3):697-705.
[17] Uno I,Wang Z,Chiba M,et al.Dust model intercomparison (DMIP) study over Asia:overview[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2006,111(D12):D12213.
[18] Huneeus N,Schulz M,Balkanski Y,et al.Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2011,11(15):7781-7816.
[19] Georg A G,Peckham S E,Schmitz R,et al.Fully coupled “online” chemistry within the WRF model[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(37):6697-6957.
[20] Yan H,Gao H,Yao X,et al.Simulating dry deposition fluxes of PM10 and particulate inorganic Nitrogen over the eastern China seas during a severe Asian dust event using WRF-Chem model[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2012,11(3):301-314.
[21] Kang J,Yoon S,Shao Y,et al.Comparison of vertical dust flux by implementing three dust emission schemes in WRF/Chem[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2011,116(D9):D09202.
[22] Chen S,Huang J,Zhao C,et al.Modeling the transport and radiative forcing of Taklimakan dust over the Tibetan Plateau:a case study in the summer of 2006[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2013,118(2):797-812.
[23] Chen S,Zhao C,Qian Y,et al.Regional modeling of dust mass balance and radiative forcing over East Asia using WRF-Chem[J].Aeolian Research,2014,15:15-30.
[24] Zhao C,Chen S,Leung L R,et al.Uncertainty in modeling dust mass balance and radiative forcing from size parameterization[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2013,13(21):10733-11075.
[25] Zaveri R A,Peters L K.A new lumped structure photochemical mechanism for large-scale applications[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1999,104(D23):30304-30387.
[26] Zaveri R A,Easter R C,Fast J D,et al.Model for simulating aerosol interactions and chemistry (Mosaic)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2008,113(D13):D13204.
[27] Hong S,Dudhia J,Chen S.A revised approach to ice microphysical processes for the bulk parameterization of clouds and precipitation[J].Monthly Weather Review,2004,132(1):103-120.
[28] Grell G A,Dévényi D.A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(14):31-38.
[29] Hong S,Noh Y,Dudhia J.A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes[J].Monthly Weather Review,2006,134(9):2234-2318.
[30] Ek M B,Mitchell K E,Lin Y,et al.Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2003,108(D22):8851-8867.
[31] Mlawer E J,Taubman S J,Brown P D,et al.Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres:RRTM,a validated correlated-k model for the longwave[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1997,102(D14):16166-16663.
[32] Draxler R R,Hess G D.An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 modeling system of trajectories,dispersion,and deposition[J].Australian Meteorological Magazine,1998,47:295-308.
[33] Xia L,Xia X,Wang S,et al.Validation of MODIS and deep blue aerosol optical depth retrievals in an arid/semi-arid region of northwest China[J].Particuology,2012,10(1):132-139.
[34] Huang J,Zhang W,Zuo J,et al.An overview of the Semi-arid Climate and Environment Research Observatory over the Loess Plateau[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2008,25(6):906-921.
[35] 万本太,康晓风,张建辉,等.基于颗粒物浓度的沙尘天气分级标准研究[J].中国环境监测,2004,20(3):8-11.
/
〈 |
|
〉 |