中国北方一次沙尘天气过程的数值模拟

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00246

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取中国北方地区2012年4月22-24日的一次沙尘天气过程，综合分析了多种地面与卫星观测资料，并在此基础上采用WRF-Chem模式（Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry）对本次沙尘天气过程的起沙和传输进行数值模拟，并与卫星遥感、地面激光雷达等观测数据进行对比验证。结果表明：此次过程是由地面冷锋和高空短波槽共同作用引起的。WRF-Chem模式模拟结果较好再现了此次沙尘过程的时空分布特征，与地面观测的沙尘天气发生地点基本一致。沙尘天气发生前后，地面观测站各气象要素有明显变化，表现出大风、降温、正变压。WRF-Chem模式模拟的气温和湿度变化趋势与观测基本一致。地面观测得到的PM₁₀质量浓度与消光系数在沙尘过程期间均上升达到高值，模拟能够很好地反映PM₁₀质量浓度的整体变化趋势，但峰值低于观测结果。采用HYSPLIT模式进行后向轨迹模拟，进一步表明本次沙尘过程的源地主要为塔克拉玛干沙漠与古尔班通古特沙漠。前向轨迹模拟结果表明沙尘传输路径自新疆起始，途经内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏、陕西。

关键词: 沙尘天气, WRF-Chem模式, 数值模拟

Abstract:

A dust storm case during April 22-24, 2012 was studied by analyzing muti-type ground-based observation and satellite observation data, and the WRF-Chem model (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) was used to simulate the emission and transport process of this dust storm, and the simulation result is verified by observation results including satellite and ground-based lidar data. The results show that this event is mainly caused by the surface cold front and the upper trough. The simulation result represents the spatial and temporal distribution of dust, which is in accord with the meteorological records at surface stations. Meteorological parameters observed at the surface station changed dramatically during this period, which is associated with strong wind, decreasing temperature and increasing pressure. Simulated surface temperature and humidity are generally in accord with the observation results. Observed PM₁₀ mass concentration and extinction coefficient rose significantly during this period. Simulation results of these variables well represent the overall trend, while peak value is lower than the observation. This study also apply HYSPLIT model to simulate the backward trajectory of the dust, which further conform that dust are mainly originated from Taklimakan desert and Gurbantunggut desert. The forward trajectory simulation shows that dust was transported across Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and Shanxi.

Key words: dust storm, WRF-Chem model, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

P445.4

康丽泰, 陈思宇. 中国北方一次沙尘天气过程的数值模拟[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017, 37(2): 321-331.

Kang Litai, Chen Siyu. Numerical Modeling of a Dust Storm Process in Northern China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2017, 37(2): 321-331.

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