生物土壤结皮对温带荒漠植物凋落物分解的影响

张瑞; 周晓兵; 张元明

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00013

中国沙漠 >

2019 , Vol. 39 >Issue 6: 151 - 158

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00013

生物土壤结皮对温带荒漠植物凋落物分解的影响

张瑞 ,
周晓兵 ,
张元明

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1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

张瑞(1994-),女,新疆人,硕士研究生,主要从事荒漠植物凋落物分解的研究。E-mail:zhang.rui.1226@foxmail.com

收稿日期: 2019-02-01

修回日期: 2019-03-14

网络出版日期: 2019-11-14

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（41571256）；新疆维吾尔自治区天山创新团队项目（2018D14009）

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Affects of Biological Soil Crusts on Litter Decomposition in the Gurbantunggut Desert

Zhang Rui ,
Zhou Xiaobing ,
Zhang Yuanming

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1. Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2019-02-01

Revised date: 2019-03-14

Online published: 2019-11-14

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摘要

环境和微生物群落的变化会影响凋落物的分解过程。生物土壤结皮是干旱荒漠区地表普遍存在的生物覆盖，对土壤物理化学性质有显著影响，但对于是否影响荒漠植物凋落物分解缺乏深入了解。选择8种在古尔班通古特沙漠广泛分布的荒漠植物（白梭梭Haloxylon persicum、梭梭Haloxylon ammondendron、黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica、粉苞菊Chondrilla piptocoma、羽毛针禾Aristida pennata、刺沙蓬Salsola ruthenica、紫翅猪毛菜Salsola affinis、钩刺雾冰藜Bassia hyssopifolia），分析生物土壤结皮覆盖对这8种凋落物质量损失率和分解速率的影响。结果表明：生物土壤结皮和植物种对凋落物质量损失率有极显著影响（P<0.01），生物土壤结皮的存在增大了荒漠植物凋落物质量损失率，不同物种的分解率差异显著。8种植物凋落物的质量损失率在结皮覆盖条件下为13.67%~64.56%，去除结皮处理下为13.58%~54.13%。其中，结皮覆盖条件下白梭梭、梭梭、紫翅猪毛菜的质量损失率（46.12%、41.26%、64.56%）显著高于去除结皮处理（35.85%、36.97%、54.13%，P<0.05）。生物土壤结皮的存在缩短了凋落物的半分解和95%分解时间，缩短长度随物种差异而不同，受凋落物的初始全碳和全氮含量调节。荒漠地表生物土壤结皮对植物凋落物分解具有促进作用，且这种作用具有显著的种间差异，地表生物土壤结皮的存在对初始全碳含量较低而全氮含量较高的凋落物促进作用更明显。

关键词： 生物土壤结皮; 荒漠植物; 凋落物分解; 古尔班通古特沙漠

本文引用格式

张瑞 , 周晓兵 , 张元明 . 生物土壤结皮对温带荒漠植物凋落物分解的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019 , 39(6) : 151 -158 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00013

Abstract

Environment and biota are two dominant factors to affect litter decomposition, and changes in microenvironment and microbial community can influence the process of litter decomposition. Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) are common in arid land, and are important biological cover on desert surface. BSCs can deeply affect the soil physicochemical characteristics. However, whether BSCs presence affects litter decomposition need to be further studied. In this study, 8 widespread plant species in Gurbantunggut Desert were selected, such as Haloxylon persicum, Haloxylon ammondendron, Artemisia ordosica, Chondrilla piptocoma, Aristida pennata, Salsola ruthenica, Salsola affinis and Bassia hyssopifolia. We examined the effects of soil surface with and without BSCs on mass loss rates and decopomsition rates of 8 species with litter bag methods. We put litters of the 8 species on desert surface (with and without BSCs) for 280 days. Our results show that both BSCs and species had significant effects (P<0.01) on litter decomposition. The litter mass loss rate was 13.67%-64.56% for soil surface covered by BSCs and 13.58%-54.13% for removing BSCs. The presence of BSCs on soil surface reduced the time period of decomposition (semi and 95% decomposition time) and the magnitudes were different among species. The effects of BSCs on litter decomposition were mediated by initial contents in litters. Our results indicate that BSCs can accelerate litter decomposition and the effects were different with changes in species.

Key words： biological soil crusts; desert plants; litter decomposition; Gurbantunggut Desert

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