文物保护单位是历史时期区域科技、文化、生产、生活等信息的反映载体。运用核密度估算、最近邻指数、标准差椭圆等方法对黄河流域2 078处国家重点文保单位的空间密度、集散与方向特征给予分析，并运用地理探测器模型探索得出其空间分布的影响因素与交互作用。结果表明：（1）空间密度上，文保单位在黄河流域整体上呈现东密西疏、连片分布的空间特征，核心区数量由史前时期到近代以来呈现波动变化的发展趋势。（2）集散类型上，文保单位的最近临指数为0.38，属于集聚型分布类型。（3）方向特征上，文保单位在黄河流域多呈现东北—西南方向分布，但魏晋南北朝时期旋转角为89.85°，东西横向特征最明显。标准差椭圆重心整体上位于山西省运城市稷山县境内，但从史前时期到近代以来重心轨迹呈现西南—东北往复移动以及山西—陕西交替变化的特征。（4）文化事业经费、河网密度、年末人口数、非遗项目数量和A级景区数量均是黄河流域文保单位空间分布的主导因素，此外，影响因素两两交互作用后多表现出非线性增强或双因子增强型关系，与独立作用时相比更具有空间分布的解释力。

Heritage conservation units are the carriers reflecting the regional information of science and technology， culture， production and life in historical period， so it is of great significance to study them systematically. Using the methods of nuclear density estimation， nearest neighbor index， standard deviation ellipse and geographic detector， this paper studies the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 2 078 national key heritage conservation units in the Yellow River Basin. The results show that： （1） In terms of spatial density， the heritage conservation units in the Yellow River Basin show the spatial characteristics of dense in the east， sparse in the west and contiguous distribution ，and the number of core areas has fluctuated from prehistoric to modern times. （2） In terms of distribution type， the average nearest index of heritage conservation units in the Yellow River Basin is 0.38， which belongs to the agglomeration distribution type. （3） In terms of direction， distribution characteristics of heritage conservation units in many historical periods is northeast to southwest， but the east-west characteristic is more obvious in the period of Wei-Jin and Northern-Southern Dynasties， and the rotation angle is 89.85. As a whole， the gravity center of the standard deviation ellipse is located in Jishan County of Yuncheng， Shanxi Province， but from the prehistoric period to modern times， the trajectory of the gravity center shows the characteristics of reciprocating movement from southwest to northeast and alternating changes from Shanxi to Shaanxi Province. （4） In terms of influencing factors， the funds for cultural undertakings， density of river network， year-end population， intangible cultural heritage projects and A-level scenic spots are all the leading influencing factors of spatial distribution of heritage conservation units in the Yellow River Basin. In addition， the interaction of factors shows the relationship of nonlinear enhancement or double factor enhancement， which has more explanatory power of spatial distribution than that in the independent interaction.