|
|
|
| Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Plant Community Structure and Soil Nutrient in Alpine Meadow-steppe |
| Cao Wenxia1, Li Wen1, Li Xiaolong1, Xu Changlin1, Shi Shangli1, Han Tianhu2 |
1. Pratacultural College/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Sino-U.S.Research Centers for Sustainable Grassland and Livestock Management, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
2. General Grassland Station of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730046, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract A two-year field trials (2013-2014) was conducted in the eastern Tibetan Plateau to address the responses of plant community characteristics and soil nutrient to varying fertilizer gradients (0, 7.72, 11.57, 19.29, 27, 30.86, 38.58 and 46.3 g·m-2). The fertilizer application significantly increased the Gramineous coverage and aboveground biomass of Cyperaceae and Leguminosae plants; while the forbs function group coverage and biomass decreased obviously, and there was no significant effect on the coverage of Cyperaceae and Leguminosae plant function group, among which the most significant effects appeared when fertilizer application is 30.86-38.58 g·m-2 N fertilizer level. N fertilizer application significantly increased root biomass in the 0-20 cm soil layer, and also increased the ratio of root to shoot in the first year, but no significant difference in the second year. N application significantly decreased the plant species diversity index, especially obvious at 30.86-38.58 g·m-2. Nitrogen application reduced forage fiber, improved crude protein content of the Gramineae, Cyperaceae and forbs plants. Soil total nutrients and available nutrients were increased inordinately when fertilizer application, and were higher at 30.86 g·m-2 or 38.58 g·m-2 N fertilizer. Net income showed a unimodal curve with various fertilizer gradients rise with a maximum of 30.86 g·m-2. N fertilizer have improved the alpine meadow-steppe soil nutrient status and stimulate plant growth, between 30.86-38.58 g·m-2 N fertilizer application can be the optimal level.
|
|
Received: 28 January 2015
Published: 20 May 2015
|
|
|
[1] 武高林, 杜国祯.青藏高原退化高寒草地生态系统恢复和可持续发展探讨[J].自然杂志, 2007, 29(3):159-164.
[2] 王长庭, 王根绪, 刘伟, 等.施肥梯度对高寒草甸群落结构、功能和土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(10):3103-3113.
[3] 王建兵, 张德罡, 曹广民, 等.青藏高原高寒草甸退化演替的分区特征[J].草业学报, 2013, 22(2):1-10.
[4] 李文, 曹文侠, 徐长林, 等.不同休牧模式对东祁连山高寒草甸草原植被特征变化的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2014, 34(11):2339-2345.
[5] 冯忠心, 周娟娟, 王欣荣, 等.补播和划破草皮对退化亚高山草甸植被恢复的影响[J].草业科学, 2013, 30(9):1313-1319.
[6] Fensham R J, Holman J E, Cox M J.Plant species responses along a grazing disturbance gradient in Australian grassland[J].Journal of vegetation Science, 1999, 10(1):77-86.
[7] Fridley J D.Resource availability dominates and alters the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem productivity in experimental plant communities[J].Oecologia, 2002, 132(2):271-277.
[8] Rajaniemi T K.Why does fertilization reduce plant species diversity?Testing three competition-based hypotheses[J].Journal of Ecology, 2002, 90(2):316-324.
[9] Wang C T, Long R J, Wang Q L, et al.Fertilization and litter effects on the functional group biomass, species diversity of plants, microbial biomass and enzyme activity of two alpine meadow communities[J].Plant and Soil, 2010, 331(1/2):377-389.
[10] 周兴民.中国嵩草草甸[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001.
[11] 李璠, 周国英, 杨路村, 等.生长末期施肥对青藏高原高寒草原地上生物量的影响[J].草地学报, 2014, 22(5):998-1006.
[12] Printice I C, Farquhar G, Fasham M, et al.The carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide[M]//Houghton J.IPCC Third Assessment Report.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, 2001:184-237.
[13] Liu X D, Chen B D.Climatic warming in the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades[J].International Journal of Climatology, 2000, 20:1729-1742.
[14] Luo C Y, Xu G P, Chao Z G, et al.Effect of warming and grazing on litter mass loss and temperature sensitivity of litter and dung mass loss on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Global Change Biology, 2010, 16:1606-1617.
[15] Rui Y C, Wang Y F, Chen C R, et al.Warming and grazing increase mineralization of organic P in an alpine meadow ecosystem of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China[J].Plant and Soil, 2012, 357:73-87.
[16] Lü C, Tian H.Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen deposition in China:synthesis of observational data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2007, 112(D22).
[17] 许振柱, 周广胜.全球变化下植物的碳氮关系及其环境调节研究进展--从分子到生态系统[J].植物生态学报, 2007, 31(4):738-747.
[18] Wei C Z, Yu Q, Bai E, et al.Nitrogen deposition weakens plant microbe interactions in grassland ecosystems[J].Global Change Biology, 2013, 19:3688-3697.
[19] Chen D M, Lan Z C, Bai X, et al.Evidence that acidify Cation induced declines in plant diversity and productivity are mediated by changes in belowground communities and soil properties in a semiarid steppe[J].Journal of Ecology, 2013, 101:1322-1334.
[20] 李禄军, 曾德慧, 于占源, 等.氮素添加对科尔沁沙质草地物种多样性和生产力的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2009, 20(8):1838-1844.
[21] 李禄军, 于占源, 曾德慧, 等.施肥对科尔沁沙质草地群落物种组成和多样性的影响[J].草业学报, 2010, 19(2):109-115.
[22] 张杰琦, 李奇, 任正炜, 等.氮素添加对青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落物种丰富度及其与地上生产力关系的影响[J].植物生态学报, 2010, 34(10):1125-1131.
[23] Högberg P, Nordgren A, Buchmann N, et al.Large-scale forest girdling shows that current photosynthesis drives soil respiration[J].Nature, 2001, 411(6839):789-792.
[24] 周华坤, 赵新全, 温军, 等.黄河源区高寒草原的植被退化与土壤退化特征[J].草业学报, 2012, 21(5):1-11.
[25] Bowman W D, Theresa A T, Schardt J C, et al.Constraints of nutrient availability on primary production in two alpine tundra communities[J].Ecology, 1993, 74:2085-2097.
[26] Jiang J, Zong N, Song M H, et al.Responses of ecosystem respiration and its components to fertilization in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau[J].European Journal of Soil Biology, 2013, 56:101-106.
[27] Niu K C, Luo Y J, Choler P, et al.The role of biomass allocation strategy in diversity loss due to fertilization[J].Basic and Applied Ecology, 2008, 9(5):485-493.
[28] Zhang N L, Wan S Q, Li L H, et al.Impacts of urea N addition on soil microbial community in a semiarid temperate steppe in northern China[J].Plant Soil, 2008, 311(1/2):19-28.
[29] Ren Z W, Li Q, Chu C J, et al.Effects of resource additions on species richness and ANPP in an alpine meadow community[J].Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 3(1):25-31.
[30] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2001.
[31] Tilman D, Reich P B, Knops J M H.Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment[J].Nature, 2006, 441(7093):629-632.
[32] 宗宁, 石培礼, 牛犇, 等.氮磷配施对藏北退化高寒草甸群落结构和生产力的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2014, 25(12):3458-3468.
[33] 王西娜, 王朝辉, 李生秀.施氮量对夏季玉米产量及土壤水氮动态的影响[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(1):197-204.
[34] 施建军, 洪绂曾, 马玉寿, 等.施肥和杂草防除对三江源区人工草地群落特征的影响[J].草地学报, 2011, 19(5):724-728.
[35] Aerts R, De Caluwe H, Beltman B.Is the relation between nutrient supply and biodiversity co-determined by the type of nutrient limitation?[J].Oikos, 2003, 101(3):489-498.
[36] Walker M D, Webber P J, Arnold E H, et al.Effects of interannual climate variation on aboveground phytomass in alpine vegetation[J].Ecology, 1994, 75:393-408.
[37] Hautier Y, Niklaus P A, Hector A.Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication[J].Science, 2009, 324:636-638.
[38] 邱波, 罗燕江, 杜国祯.不同施肥梯度对高寒草甸植被特征的影响[J].草业学报, 2004, 13(6):65-68.
[39] Stevens M H H, Carson W P.Plant density determines species richness along an experiment fertility gradient[J].Ecology, 1999, 80(2):455-465.
[40] Bai Y F, Wu J G, Clark C M, et al.Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:evidence from Inner Mongolia Grasslands[J].Global Change Biology, 2010, 16:358-372.
[41] 郑华平, 陈子萱, 王生荣, 等.施肥对玛曲高寒沙化草地植物多样性和生产力的影响[J].草业学报, 2007, 16(5):34-39.
[42] 纪亚君.青海高寒草地施肥的研究概况[J].草业科学, 2002, 14(5):14-18.
[43] 车敦仁, 郎百宁, 王大明, 等.追氮时期和方式对禾草产量及营养养分的影响[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志, 1988, 18(5):10-12.
[44] Warembourg F R, Esterlich H D.Plant phenology and soil fertility effects on belowground carbon allocation for an annual (Bromus erectus) grassspecies[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33(10):1291-1303.
[45] vander Krifi T A J, Kuikman P J, Moiler F, Berendse, et al.Plant species and nutritional-mediated control over rhizodeposition and root decomposition[J].Plant Soil, 2001, 228(2):191-200.
[46] 陈静, 李玉霖, 崔夺, 等.氮素及水分添加对科尔沁沙地4种优势植物地上生物量分配的影响[J].中国沙漠, 2014, 34(3):696-703.
[47] 苏洁琼, 李新荣, 杨昊天, 等.施肥对荒漠化草原草本植物种群密度和生物量的影响[J].中国沙漠, 2013, 33(3):696-702.
[48] 罗天琼, 李向林, 马宁, 等.刈割次数、氮量和豆禾比例对混播草地产量及品质的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学, 2010, 31(8):68-72. |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
2015, Vol. 35 
