The ground spectra of different size levels of gravel of Gaxun Gobi were obtained in Hami, Xinjiang, China. The spectral absorption features were analyzed, and the abundance images were discriminated from the Hyperion imagery using spectral mixture analysis to analyze the correlations between the gravel size levels and the hyperspectral images. The spectral features demonstrated that differences in gravel size levels can have a considerable influence on the obtained ground spectra. All of the spectra exhibited an Al-OH absorption feature at 2 250 nm and this feature was much more pronounced for gravel with diameter d=41 cm than for other gravel size levels. In contrast with the smaller gravels, gravels with d=53 cm and d=83 cm exhibited much weaker Fe³⁺ absorption at 480 nm and 920 nm. The gravels with d=0.8 cm (R²=0.637), d=3.4 cm (R²=0.687), d=16.3 cm (R² =0.644), and d=41 cm (R²=0.622) exhibited significant relationships with the corresponding abundance images, whereas very poor correlations were found for gravels with d=53 cm (R²=0.181) and d=83 cm (R²=0.167).These spectral features and correlation results confirm that EO-1 Hyperion images are suitable for determining the distribution of gravels in the gobi region. The high resolution image should be combined with the hyperspectral images to improve the discriminating accuracy in further study.