Composition and influencing factors of the biological soil crust bacterial communities in the Sabina vulgaris community in Mu Us Sandy Land

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00015

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 130-141.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00015

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Composition and influencing factors of the biological soil crust bacterial communities in the Sabina vulgaris community in Mu Us Sandy Land

Hong Zhou^a^,²(), Bo Wu^a^,²(), Ying Gao^a^,², Long Cheng^a, Xiaohong Jia^a^,², Yingjun Pang^a, Heju Zhao^a

^a.Institute of Desertification Studies / b. Key Laboratory of Desert Ecosystem and Global Change，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Beijing 100091，China

Received:2020-02-12 Revised:2020-03-25 Online:2020-09-28 Published:2020-09-28
Contact: Bo Wu

Abstract

Abstract:

Sabina vulgaris is the dominant sand-binding shrub species in the Mu Us Sandy Land. The widely distributed biological soil crusts （BSCs） in Sabina vulgaris community are of great significance to maintain the stability of desert ecosystem. Bacteria are an important part and play important roles in maintaining the structure and function of BSCs. However， the changes of diversity and composition of the bacterial communities with the development of BSCs are not fully understood. In this study， Illumina sequencing was used to analyze bacterial communities’ diversity and composition of four different developmental stages of BSCs （microbial， algae， lichen and moss crusts） and bare sand in Sabina vulgaris community in the Mu Us Sandy Land， and to explore the main environmental factors influencing bacterial community structure. Results showed that in the Mu Us Sandy Land， the diversity of bacterial communities significantly increased with the development of BSCs （P<0.05）， and reached the highest value in the moss crusts. Bacterial communities of BSCs were dominated by the phyla of Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria， as their relative abundance accounted for more than 78% of the total bacterial abundance in different developmental stages of BSCs. Bacterial community compositions significantly changed with the development of BSCs. In particular， the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes， which belonged to the oligotrophic bacteria in stress resistance， significantly decreased from bare sand to moss crusts，whereas the relative abundance ofActinobacteria， Acidobacteria， Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi， which belonged to the eutrophic bacteria， significantly increased. The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria in algae crusts was significantly higher than that in other developmental stages （P<0.05）. The change of bacterial community composition indicated that the community ecological function changed with the development of BSCs， from increasing the stability of soil surface by promoting soil particle cementation to promoting the material circulation of the ecosystem by promoting carbon and nitrogen fixation and litter decomposition. Bacterial communities were sensitive indicators of soil water and nutrient changes during the development of BSCs. Mantel test showed that the bacterial community structure in BSCs was affected by soil water content， total carbon， organic carbon， total nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus content.

Key words: biological soil crusts, developmental process, bacterial community, Illumina sequencing, Mu Us Sandy Land

CLC Number:

Q938.1

Hong Zhou, Bo Wu, Ying Gao, Long Cheng, Xiaohong Jia, Yingjun Pang, Heju Zhao. Composition and influencing factors of the biological soil crust bacterial communities in the Sabina vulgaris community in Mu Us Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(5): 130-141.

Figures/Tables 8

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项目	裸沙	微生物结皮	藻结皮	地衣结皮	苔藓结皮
土壤含水量/%	5.27±0.11^d	12.67±1.50^c	15.11±0.90^c	18.66±1.78^b	22.25±1.49^a
有机碳/（g·kg^-1）	0.80±0.07^d	6.24±0.41^c	11.74±0.83^b	16.47±1.35^b	20.92±0.58^a
全碳/（g·kg^-1）	2.27±0.18^d	15.44±1.64^c	20.05±2.01^c	24.22±0.52^b	28.71±3.93^a
全氮/（g·kg^-1）	0.37±0.11^c	0.76±0.15^b	0.76±0.09^b	0.79±0.09^b	1.33±0.18^a
硝态氮/（mg·kg^-1）	1.61±0.03^a	1.60±0.02^a	1.32±0.07^b	0.87±0.07^c	0.68±0.10c
铵态氮/（mg·kg^-1）	0.48±0.16	0.51±0.19	0.55±0.09	0.53±0.04	0.58±0.15
全磷/（g·kg^-1）	0.51±0.05^b	0.53±0.06^b	0.65±0.06^a	0.66±0.04^a	0.68±0.02^a
pH	7.07±0.03^a	7.01±0.01^a	7.02±0.01^a	6.91±0.03^b	6.89±0.01^b

项目	裸沙	微生物结皮	藻结皮	地衣结皮	苔藓结皮
土壤含水量/%	5.27±0.11^d	12.67±1.50^c	15.11±0.90^c	18.66±1.78^b	22.25±1.49^a
有机碳/（g·kg^-1）	0.80±0.07^d	6.24±0.41^c	11.74±0.83^b	16.47±1.35^b	20.92±0.58^a
全碳/（g·kg^-1）	2.27±0.18^d	15.44±1.64^c	20.05±2.01^c	24.22±0.52^b	28.71±3.93^a
全氮/（g·kg^-1）	0.37±0.11^c	0.76±0.15^b	0.76±0.09^b	0.79±0.09^b	1.33±0.18^a
硝态氮/（mg·kg^-1）	1.61±0.03^a	1.60±0.02^a	1.32±0.07^b	0.87±0.07^c	0.68±0.10c
铵态氮/（mg·kg^-1）	0.48±0.16	0.51±0.19	0.55±0.09	0.53±0.04	0.58±0.15
全磷/（g·kg^-1）	0.51±0.05^b	0.53±0.06^b	0.65±0.06^a	0.66±0.04^a	0.68±0.02^a
pH	7.07±0.03^a	7.01±0.01^a	7.02±0.01^a	6.91±0.03^b	6.89±0.01^b

样品分组	ANOSIM		MRPP		Adonis
样品分组	R	P	A	P	R²	P
裸沙-微生物结皮	0.986	0.002	0.009	0.003	0.746	0.002
裸沙-藻结皮	0.926	0.014	0.087	0.021	0.594	0.018
裸沙-地衣结皮	0.996	0.008	0.051	0.004	0.684	0.006
裸沙-苔藓结皮	0.979	0.003	0.160	0.028	0.793	0.022
微生物结皮-藻结皮	0.370	0.048	0.013	0.041	0.184	0.039
微生物结皮-地衣结皮	0.926	0.009	0.106	0.039	0.364	0.028
微生物结皮-苔藓结皮	0.778	0.028	0.120	0.026	0.376	0.004
藻结皮-地衣结皮	0.222	0.045	0.012	0.023	0.210	0.047
藻结皮-苔藓结皮	0.370	0.039	0.022	0.035	0.195	0.036
地衣结皮-苔藓结皮	0.481	0.033	0.104	0.020	0.358	0.011

样品分组	ANOSIM		MRPP		Adonis
样品分组	R	P	A	P	R²	P
裸沙-微生物结皮	0.986	0.002	0.009	0.003	0.746	0.002
裸沙-藻结皮	0.926	0.014	0.087	0.021	0.594	0.018
裸沙-地衣结皮	0.996	0.008	0.051	0.004	0.684	0.006
裸沙-苔藓结皮	0.979	0.003	0.160	0.028	0.793	0.022
微生物结皮-藻结皮	0.370	0.048	0.013	0.041	0.184	0.039
微生物结皮-地衣结皮	0.926	0.009	0.106	0.039	0.364	0.028
微生物结皮-苔藓结皮	0.778	0.028	0.120	0.026	0.376	0.004
藻结皮-地衣结皮	0.222	0.045	0.012	0.023	0.210	0.047
藻结皮-苔藓结皮	0.370	0.039	0.022	0.035	0.195	0.036
地衣结皮-苔藓结皮	0.481	0.033	0.104	0.020	0.358	0.011

分类水平	物种	相对丰度/%
分类水平	物种	裸沙	微生物结皮	藻结皮	地衣结皮	苔藓结皮
门水平	放线菌 (Actinobacteria)	10.3±0.5^c	16.8±2.2^b	19.0±0.3^a	19.9±1.5^a	22.3±1.5^a
	酸杆菌 (Acidobacteria)	3.1±0.3^c	4.2±0.8^b	5.6±0.7^a	7.1±0.4^a	8.0±0.3^a
	拟杆菌 (Bacteroidetes)	3.3±0.9^b	3.4±1.0^b	7.7±1.4^a	7.8±0.5^a	7.9±0.4^a
	绿弯菌 (Chloroflexi)	1.2±0.3^b	1.2±0.1^b	2.1±0.2^a	2.2±0.2^a	2.2±0.1^a
	蓝藻 (Cyanobacteria)	0.3±0.1^d	2.0±0.8^c	7.2±0.7^a	6.4±0.4^b	1.8±0.6^c
	变形菌 (Proteobacteria)	69.3±2.3^a	57.2±1.7^a	47.1±8.1^b	47.3±1.8^b	48.1±1.5^b
	厚壁菌 (Firmicutes)	7.0±1.1^a	6.4±0.7^a	3.6±0.3^b	3.7±0.5^b	3.2±1.0^c
	芽单胞菌(Gemmatimonadetes)	1.3±0.7^a	2.6±0.7^a	3.6±0.5^a	3.1±0.6^a	3.4±1.5^a
	浮霉菌 (Planctomycetes)	0.5±0.2^a	1.5±0.5^a	0.9±0.5^a	1.1±0.3^a	1.6±0.2^a
属水平	鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas)	0.7±0.3^c	3.0±0.3^b	3.6±1.3^ab	3.9±0.6^a	4.7±0.6^a
	马赛菌 (Massilia)	0.6±0.2^d	1.3±0.3^c	3.2±0.3^b	6.9±1.4^a	4.1±1.6^a
	微枝形杆菌 (Microvirga)	0.7±0.2^c	3.4±0.6^b	3.1±0.5^b	4.1±0.5^b	5.7±0.3^a
	微鞘藻 (Microcoleus)	0.1±0.1^c	1.3±0.4^b	3.8±1.0^a	1.5±0.2^b	0.3±0.1^c
	罗尔斯顿菌 (Ralstonia)	38.0±5.5^a	6.6±0.4^b	3.3±0.5^c	1.6±0.8^c	1.5±0.1^c
	戴尔福特菌 (Delftia)	7.4±0.8^a	6.5±0.4^a	2.4±0.3^b	1.7±0.4^b	0.4±0.1^c
	不动杆菌 (Acinetobacter)	3.0±1.4^a	0.7±0.6^b	1.2±1.6^ab	1.3±0.1^ab	0.7±0.4^b
	Rubellimicrobium	0.6±0.5^a	2.4±1.1^a	2.4±1.4^a	2.1±0.6^a	1.8±0.7^ab
	红色杆菌 (Rubrobacter)	0.9±0.3^b	3.1±0.5^a	2.6±1.0^a	1.8±0.8^ab	2.3±1.1^a

Composition and influencing factors of the biological soil crust bacterial communities in the Sabina vulgaris community in Mu Us Sandy Land

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门	含水量	全碳	有机碳	全氮	硝态氮	铵态氮	全磷	pH
细菌群落	0.539^**	0.424^*	0.517^*	0.352^*	0.441^*	0.167	0.392^*	0.044
放线菌(Actinobacteria)	0.521^*	0.329^**	0.550^**	0.525^*	0.332^*	0.045	0.368^*	0.394
酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)	0.304	0.543^*	0.498^*	0.636^*	0.109^*	0.143	0.379	0.152^*
拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)	0.646^**	0.536^*	0.800^*	0.304	0.115^*	0.177	0.386	-0.211
绿弯菌(Chloroflexi)	0.296^*	0.436	0.369^*	0.500	0.209	0.246	0.761^*	0.143
蓝藻(Cyanobacteria)	0.246	0.268	0.742	0.332	0.235^*	0.696^*	0.696	0.199
变形菌(Proteobacteria)	-0.246^*	-0.443	-0.634	-0.593^**	0.321^*	-0.234	-0.864^*	-0.322
厚壁菌(Firmicutes)	-0.654^*	-0.150	-0.391	-0.336	0.177	-0.028	-0.293	-0.252
芽单胞菌(Gemmatimonadetes)	0.271	0.239	0.284	0.429	0.273	0.314	0.511	0.442
浮霉菌(Planctomycetes)	0.364	0.486	0.336	0.686^*	0.353	0.102	0.868	0.032

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