Pollution characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in PM2.5 in severely polluted weather in Xi'an， China

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00040

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 10-19.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00040

Pollution characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in PM_2.5 in severely polluted weather in Xi'an， China

Xin Wang¹(), Shun Xiao¹(), Zhibao Dong¹, Junji Cao², Ningning Zhang², Suixin Liu², Zhenxing Shen³, Hongmei Xu³, Qingyu Guan⁴, Yan Tao⁴, Ruiting Cai¹, Yumeng Wang¹

^1.College of Geography Science and Tourism，Shaanxi Normal University，Xi'an 710119，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics，Institute of Earth Environment，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Xi'an 710061，China
^3.School of Energy and Power Engineering，Xi'an Jiaotong University，Xi'an 710049，China
^4.College of Earth and Environmental Sciences，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，China

Received:2020-01-18 Revised:2020-04-18 Online:2020-09-28 Published:2020-09-28
Contact: Shun Xiao

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in PM_2.5in severely polluted weather in Xi'an， a core city in Fenwei Plain of China， this study selected PM_2.5 atmospheric particulate matter samples collected from November 2018 to January of the following year. It is used to analyze 9 typical heavy metal components in PM_2.5that are associated with the health risks of population exposure in severely polluted weather （AQI >200） during the sampling period， the correlation analysis to reveal the relationship with meteorological factors， the enrichment factor， correlation analysis and principal component analysis to determine the source， the EPA risk exposure model was used to characterize the health risk level. The results show that the average mass concentration of PM_2.5 is 191.49±48.67 μg·m^-3. The average concentration of heavy metal elements from high to low is Zn， Mn， Pb， Cu， As， Cr， Ni， V， Co. Correlation analysis with meteorological factors found that Cr was significantly negatively correlated with wind speed （-0.462）， Ni was significantly negatively correlated with air pressure （-0.503）， and Co was significantly negatively correlated with temperature （-0.506）. Enrichment factor analysis results show that Zn， Pb， As pollution is closely related to anthropogenic sources， and Ni， Co， Cu pollution is the combined effect of natural and anthropogenic sources； Correlation analysis and principal component analysis results show that the main sources of heavy metals are transportation and coal combustion， wind dust， and rock weathering. The results of the health risk show that the non-carcinogenic risk of Mn element is high， and the non-carcinogenic risk of other elements can be ignored； and Cr， As， and Co risk values are higher than generally acceptable levels， which has potential carcinogenic risks.

Key words: PM_2.5, heavy metals, pollution characteristics, health risk, core city in Fenwei Plain

CLC Number:

Xin Wang, Shun Xiao, Zhibao Dong, Junji Cao, Ningning Zhang, Suixin Liu, Zhenxing Shen, Hongmei Xu, Qingyu Guan, Yan Tao, Ruiting Cai, Yumeng Wang. Pollution characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in PM_2.5 in severely polluted weather in Xi'an， China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(5): 10-19.

Figures/Tables 11

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参数	参数意义	单位	成年男性	成年女性	儿童
lnhR	呼吸速率	m³·d^-1	16.6	13.5	8.6
EF	暴露频率	d·a^-1	365	365	365
ED	暴露周期	a	30	30	6
BW	体重	kg	67.3	57.5	15
AT(致癌)	平均暴露时间	d	72.4×365	77.4×365	—
AT(非致癌)	平均暴露时间	d	ED×365	ED×365	ED×365

参数	参数意义	单位	成年男性	成年女性	儿童
lnhR	呼吸速率	m³·d^-1	16.6	13.5	8.6
EF	暴露频率	d·a^-1	365	365	365
ED	暴露周期	a	30	30	6
BW	体重	kg	67.3	57.5	15
AT(致癌)	平均暴露时间	d	72.4×365	77.4×365	—
AT(非致癌)	平均暴露时间	d	ED×365	ED×365	ED×365

元素	RfD/(mg·kg^{- 1}·d^{- 1})	元素	RfD/(mg·kg^{- 1}·d^{- 1})	SF/(kg·d·mg^-1)
V	7.00x10^-3	Cr	2.86 x10^-5	42
Mn	1.43x10^-5	Co	5.71 x10^-5	9.8
Cu	4.02x10^-2	Ni	2.06x10^-2	0.84
Zn	3.00x10^-1	As	3.01x10^-4	15.1
Pb	3.52x10^-3

元素	RfD/(mg·kg^{- 1}·d^{- 1})	元素	RfD/(mg·kg^{- 1}·d^{- 1})	SF/(kg·d·mg^-1)
V	7.00x10^-3	Cr	2.86 x10^-5	42
Mn	1.43x10^-5	Co	5.71 x10^-5	9.8
Cu	4.02x10^-2	Ni	2.06x10^-2	0.84
Zn	3.00x10^-1	As	3.01x10^-4	15.1
Pb	3.52x10^-3

城市	V	Cr	Mn	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb
西安（本研究）	4.59	16.24	123.52	3.13	5.37	46.78	324.98	18.11	118.59
北京^[40]	15.3	22.4	62.0	—	28.1	36.8	313.0	37.9	117.3
上海^[27]	—	31	132	—	27	29	465	—	133
广州^[38]	9	9	34	—	4	37	225	—	77
成都^[41]	1.7	9.2	66	—	2.5	23	350	20	172

Pollution characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in PM_2.5 in severely polluted weather in Xi'an， China

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PM_2.5与重金属	风速	温度	相对湿度	气压
PM_2.5	-0.419^*	0.021	0.211	0.054
V	0.087	0.590^*	-0.331	-0.511^*
Cr	-0.462^*	-0.168	0.367	0.291
Mn	-0.212	0.215	-0.026	-0.434^*
Co	-0.289	-0.506^*	0.300	0.354
Ni	-0.118	0.296	-0.134	-0.503^*
Cu	-0.395	-0.327	0.201	0.109
Zn	-0.191	0.091	-0.063	-0.256
As	-0.063	-0.083	0.129	-0.175
Pb	0.028	-0.111	0.160	-0.181

元素	危险系数HQ			终生增量致癌风险ILCR
元素	成年男性	成年女性	儿童	成年男性	成年女性
V	1.62×10^-4	1.54×10^-4	3.76×10^-4
Cr	1.40×10^-1	1.33×10^-1	3.25×10^-1	6.97×10^-5	6.21×10^-5
Mn	2.13	2.03	4.95
Co	1.35×10^-1	1.29×10^-1	3.14×10^-1	3.13×10^-6	2.79×10^-6
Ni	6.43×10^-5	6.12×10^-5	1.50×10^-4	4.61×10^-7	4.11×10^-7
Cu	2.87×10^-4	2.73×10^-4	6.67×10^-4
Zn	2.67×10^-4	2.54×10^-4	6.21×10^-4
As	1.48×10^-2	1.41×10^-2	3.45×10^-2	2.80×10^-5	2.49×10^-5
Pb	8.31×10^-3	7.91×10^-3	1.93×10^-2

元素	危险系数HQ			终生增量致癌风险ILCR
元素	成年男性	成年女性	儿童	成年男性	成年女性
V	1.62×10^-4	1.54×10^-4	3.76×10^-4
Cr	1.40×10^-1	1.33×10^-1	3.25×10^-1	6.97×10^-5	6.21×10^-5
Mn	2.13	2.03	4.95
Co	1.35×10^-1	1.29×10^-1	3.14×10^-1	3.13×10^-6	2.79×10^-6
Ni	6.43×10^-5	6.12×10^-5	1.50×10^-4	4.61×10^-7	4.11×10^-7
Cu	2.87×10^-4	2.73×10^-4	6.67×10^-4
Zn	2.67×10^-4	2.54×10^-4	6.21×10^-4
As	1.48×10^-2	1.41×10^-2	3.45×10^-2	2.80×10^-5	2.49×10^-5
Pb	8.31×10^-3	7.91×10^-3	1.93×10^-2