Abstract:

Driven by the imperative of achieving carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060， China is undergoing a profound energy revolution. In this context， the large-scale utilization of gobi and desert resources to construct renewable energy bases has emerged as a national strategic priority. This initiative is pivotal not only for building new-type power systems capable of accommodating high proportions of renewable energy but also for the synergistic safeguarding of national energy security and food security. By directing photovoltaic （PV） development toward the gobi， China aims to alleviate the land-use conflicts between energy infrastructure and agricultural preservation in the densely populated eastern provinces. Despite the clear strategic value， the implementation faces significant challenges. This paper systematically reviews the current status of China's gobi PV resources and finds that the scientific foundation for large-scale development remains weak. Specifically， there is a shortage of baseline data regarding the fragile gobi ecosystem， where recovery from disturbance is difficult. Furthermore， existing policy frameworks often lack specific guidance for these unique landscapes， and the mechanisms for achieving ecological synergy remain underexplored. Addressing these gaps， this study analyzes the development potential from the perspectives of energy， appropriate agriculture， and ecological restoration. Recognizing the constraints of water resources and soil conditions， we propose coordinated pathways that prioritize "PV + desertification control" and water-efficient ecological industries over water-intensive agriculture. To support this transition， we construct a policy support system covering four key dimensions： precision land use control， technological support for extreme environments， ecological compensation mechanisms， and cross-regional energy coordination. Ultimately， the goal is to facilitate a paradigm shift for gobi PV bases： moving from single-functional energy stations to integrated systems that deliver ecological， energy， and economic benefits simultaneously.

Key words: gobi resources, photovoltaic new energy, systematic pathways, ecological synergy, policy support