Study of ecological environmental quality changes in the upper Yellow River basin based on remote sensing ecological index

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00148

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 107-118.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00148

Study of ecological environmental quality changes in the upper Yellow River basin based on remote sensing ecological index

Yating Cui¹(), Huan Li¹^,²(), Longxiao Zheng¹, Mengquan Wu¹

^1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering /, Ludong University，Yantai 264025，Shandong，China
^2.School of Business, Ludong University，Yantai 264025，Shandong，China

Received:2022-09-30 Revised:2022-11-20 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-31
Contact: Huan Li

Abstract

Abstract:

As the water source of the Yellow River， the upper Yellow River basin is an important ecological function area in China. Analysis of ecological environmental quality changes in the upper Yellow River basin is important for ecological protection and high-quality economic development of the Yellow River basin. Based on Google Earth Engine platform， this paper analyzes the change of ecological environment quality in the upper Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2021 through remote sensing ecological index （RSEI）. The results show that：（1）The RSEI of the upper Yellow River basin is elevated. At the same time， it has the characteristics of stages. 2000-2005 is the stage of deterioration of ecological environment quality， and 2006-2021 is the stage of improvement of ecological environment quality. It is poor and moderate， accounting for 64.78% of the total area of the region. （2）The ecological quality of different river sections is different significantly， with the best ecological quality in the river source section and the worst ecological quality in the alluvial plain section. （3）The spatial clustering characteristics of ecological environment quality in the upper Yellow River basin are obvious， where high-high clustering areas are stably distributed near the river source section and low-low clustering areas are distributed in the canyon section and alluvial plain section where the intensity of human activities is higher. （4）Greenness， humidity， heat and dryness all have significant effects on the ecological quality of the upper Yellow River basin， with greenness as the dominant driver and dryness as the secondary driver. The increase of vegetation cover， climate regulation and soil and water conservation have significantly contributed to the ecological improvement of the upper Yellow River basin.

Key words: upper Yellow River basin, Google Earth Engine, remote sensing ecological index, geographical detectors, Mann-Kendall trend test

CLC Number:

X171

Yating Cui, Huan Li, Longxiao Zheng, Mengquan Wu. Study of ecological environmental quality changes in the upper Yellow River basin based on remote sensing ecological index[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(3): 107-118.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Location of the upper Yellow River basin

Table 1 Calculation methods of indicators

指标	计算方法
NDVI	$N D V I = (B n i r - B r e d) / (B n i r + B r e d)$
WET	$W E T T M = 0.0315 B b l u e + 0.2021 B g r e e n + 0.3102 B r e d + 0.1594 B n i r - 0.6806 B s w i r 1 - 0.6109 B s w i r 2$
WET	$W E T O L I = 0.1511 B b l u e + 0.1973 B g r e e n + 0.3283 B r e d + 0.3407 B n i r - 0.7117 B s w i r 1 - 0.4559 B s w i r 2$
NDBSI	$I B I = 2 B s w i r 1 B s w i r 1 + B n i r - B n i r B n i r + B r e d + B g r e e n B g r e e n + B s w i r 1 2 B s w i r 1 B s w i r 1 + B n i r + B n i r B n i r + B r e d + B g r e e n B g r e e n + B s w i r 1$
	$S I = (B s w i r 1 + B r e d) - (B n i r + B b l u e) (B s w i r 1 + B r e d) + (B n i r + B b l u e)$
	$N D B S I = S I + I B I / 2$
LST	$L S T = γ × 1 ε × ψ 1 × L s e n + ψ 2 + ψ 3 + δ$

Table 1 Calculation methods of indicators

指标	计算方法
NDVI	$N D V I = (B n i r - B r e d) / (B n i r + B r e d)$
WET	$W E T T M = 0.0315 B b l u e + 0.2021 B g r e e n + 0.3102 B r e d + 0.1594 B n i r - 0.6806 B s w i r 1 - 0.6109 B s w i r 2$
WET	$W E T O L I = 0.1511 B b l u e + 0.1973 B g r e e n + 0.3283 B r e d + 0.3407 B n i r - 0.7117 B s w i r 1 - 0.4559 B s w i r 2$
NDBSI	$I B I = 2 B s w i r 1 B s w i r 1 + B n i r - B n i r B n i r + B r e d + B g r e e n B g r e e n + B s w i r 1 2 B s w i r 1 B s w i r 1 + B n i r + B n i r B n i r + B r e d + B g r e e n B g r e e n + B s w i r 1$
	$S I = (B s w i r 1 + B r e d) - (B n i r + B b l u e) (B s w i r 1 + B r e d) + (B n i r + B b l u e)$
	$N D B S I = S I + I B I / 2$
LST	$L S T = γ × 1 ε × ψ 1 × L s e n + ψ 2 + ψ 3 + δ$

Table 2 Results of principal component analysis

年份	指标	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
2000	WET	0.109	0.142	0.318	0.930
	NDVI	0.670	0.670	0.292	0.124
	NDBSI	-0.437	-0.011	-0.833	-0.338
	LST	-0.589	-0.727	-0.345	-0.062
	特征值	0.045	0.009	0.003	0.001
	贡献率/%	78.07	16.27	5.49	0.17
2007	WET	0.117	0.115	0.341	0.925
	NDVI	0.651	0.616	0.416	0.148
	NDBSI	-0.501	-0.086	-0.789	-0.344
	LST	-0.557	-0.773	-0.294	-0.059
	特征值	0.042	0.008	0.004	0.001
	贡献率/%	76.31	15.77	7.70	0.22
2014	WET	0.152	0.335	0.316	0.874
	NDVI	0.687	0.708	0.019	0.158
	NDBSI	-0.466	-0.332	-0.681	-0.455
	LST	-0.535	-0.524	-0.659	-0.055
	特征值	0.046	0.015	0.005	0.002
	贡献率/%	79.11	13.15	7.43	0.30
2021	WET	0.146	0.229	0.359	0.892
	NDVI	0.690	0.646	0.280	0.165
	NDBSI	-0.504	-0.106	-0.751	-0.412
	LST	-0.498	-0.720	-0.477	-0.074
	特征值	0.062	0.012	0.005	0.002
	贡献率/%	77.81	15.43	6.54	0.22

Fig.2 Analysis of RSEI changes in the upper Yellow River basin based on Mann-Kendall test

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution and change of ecological environmental quality in the upper Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2021

Fig. 4 Ecological environmental quality of different river sections in the upper Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2021

Fig. 5 Analysis of RSEI changes in the river source section （A）， canyon section （B） and alluvial plain section （C） of the upper Yellow River basin based on the Mann-Kendall test

Table 3 Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of the upper Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2021

年份	全局Moran' I指数	方差	Z值
2000	0.481	0.000034	82.62
2007	0.486	0.000038	78.94
2014	0.515	0.000041	80.11
2021	0.581	0.000038	94.63

Fig. 6 Local spatial autocorrelation analysis of the upper Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2021

Table 4 Detection results of ecological environmental quality impact factors in the upper Yellow River basin

影响因子	2000年		2007年		2014年		2021年		q平均值
影响因子	q值	P值	q值	P值	q值	P值	q值	P值	q平均值
NDVI	0.825	0.000	0.817	0.000	0.822	0.000	0.830	0.000	0.823
WET	0.688	0.000	0.623	0.000	0.604	0.000	0.658	0.000	0.643
LST	0.725	0.000	0.768	0.000	0.725	0.000	0.707	0.000	0.731
NDBSI	0.801	0.000	0.791	0.000	0.798	0.000	0.807	0.000	0.799

Fig. 7 Human activities and natural environmental changes in the upper Yellow River basin

Fig. 8 The trends of factors influencing ecological environmental quality in the upper Yellow River basin based on the Mann-Kendall test

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Study of ecological environmental quality changes in the upper Yellow River basin based on remote sensing ecological index

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