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| Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Ions of PM2.5 in Winter in Urumqi |
| Zhao Kelei1,2, Liu Xinchun2, Lu Hui2, He Qing2, Zhong Yuting2, Yan Jingwu3 |
1. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research of China Meteorological Administration/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Tree Ring Ecology, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, China;
3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China |
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Abstract In order to investigate the pollution level of atmospheric fine particles and the characteristics of major water-soluble ions, the fine particles-PM2.5 were collected in Urumqi from January to March in 2013, and water-soluble ions were analyzed by ion chromatograph. Based on the sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR), the correlation of ions and the backward trajectory model, the possible emission sources were discussed. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM2.5 and the total water-soluble ions were 170.13±51.39 μg·m-3 and 53.47±23.76 μg·m-3 respectively over the entire sampling period. The secondary ions (SO42-, NO3- and NH4+) were the major species in water-soluble ions. The mass concentration of PM2.5 and water-soluble ions had significant differences in different weather conditions. During fog and hazy days the three secondary ions accounted for 81.99% and 86.24% of the total ions concentration, respectively, and the SOR were higher than 0.1. Moreover, during the Spring Festival, large fireworks brought sharp rises in K+ and Cl- concentrations. The correlation coefficient between NH4+ and SO42-, NH4+ and NO3- were 0.975 and 0.748 respectively, and they were mainly in the form of (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4 and NH4NO3 in PM2.5. Good correlation was found between Cl- and K+, which indicated that they may have the same emission sources. Stationary source emissions were still the main pollution in Urumqi, and the pollution could be aggravated by local airflows.
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Received: 21 May 2014
Published: 20 May 2015
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2015, Vol. 35 
