The characteristics of groundwater trace elements and its controlling factors in Dunhuang Oasis

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00109

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 109-119.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00109

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The characteristics of groundwater trace elements and its controlling factors in Dunhuang Oasis

Jianhua He(), Wenhua Qin, Jiabing Guo, Peiyuan Chen, Jinzhu Ma

Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System （MOE），College of Earth and Environmental Sciences，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，China

Received:2020-06-26 Revised:2020-10-15 Online:2021-03-20 Published:2021-03-26

Abstract

Abstract:

Multivariate statistical methods and hydrogeochemical analysis were applied to study the distribution characteristics and its controlling factors of groundwater trace elements in Dunhuang oasis， Northwest China. The results showed that most of the trace elements were in low concentrations in groundwater， the groundwater quality is generally good. From the recharge zone of the top of the alluvial fan， to the runoff and drainage area of the fine soil plain in the middle and lower reaches， the content of most metal elements increased， and some of them appeared maximum values in the middle reaches. Sr， V， Cu， Zn， Ni and Cr were mainly derived from evaporation and weathering effects of the aquifer. While an anthropogenic source including agriculture pollution and industry were identified for Sc and Be. Meanwhile， the distribution of Pb reflects the input of atmospheric deposition， and the oxidizing/reducing conditions within the groundwater in some extent controlled the distribution of Ba.

Key words: Dunhuang Oasis, trace elements, multivariate statistical analysis, groundwater

CLC Number:

P342

Jianhua He, Wenhua Qin, Jiabing Guo, Peiyuan Chen, Jinzhu Ma. The characteristics of groundwater trace elements and its controlling factors in Dunhuang Oasis[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(2): 109-119.

Figures/Tables 11

References 42

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统计项		地下水(n=19)				地表水(n=4)				WHO 限值	中国Ⅲ类水限值
统计项		最低	最高	平均	变异系数/%	最低	最高	平均	变异系数/%	WHO 限值	中国Ⅲ类水限值
微量元素	Be	1.51	6.85	3.95	44.04	2.00	3.10	2.53	22.93	0.2	≤2
	Sc	1.56	6.71	3.79	107.70	1.70	2.55	2.06	19.57
	V	2.03	92.60	23.87	86.57	4.49	15.00	9.79	44.82
	Cr	9.73	80.00	40.19	43.11	18.40	23.40	21.02	11.47	50	≤50
	Co	0.09	0.62	0.23	56.73	0.06	0.26	0.16	56.19		≤50
	Ni	4.53	21.50	8.07	49.64	2.67	5.03	3.70	27.39	20	≤20
	Cu	16.90	70.60	32.64	43.48	13.30	22.10	17.12	24.97	2 000	≤1 000
	Zn	10.80	47.90	28.50	37.16	13.10	19.10	15.67	17.51	3 000	≤1 000
	Rb	0.89	5.62	2.64	51.89	1.31	1.96	1.62	17.61
	Sr	542	4586	2217	54.05	571	1 388	889	42.15
	Ba	12.10	74.30	31.53	44.40	31.30	65.30	49.53	29.87	700	≤700
	Mo	1.80	37.20	8.77	95.55	3.56	5.59	4.51	21.34	70	≤70
	U	6.09	40.80	22.29	46.16	4.99	19.40	10.59	61.47	10
	Pb	0.07	0.36	0.16	46.87	0.07	0.26	0.14	63.34		≤10
pH		6.82	8.30	7.66	5.00	7.95	8.60	8.35	3.56		6.5—8.5
EC		733	4 330	1 834	50.91	614	1419	930	39.14

统计项		地下水(n=19)				地表水(n=4)				WHO 限值	中国Ⅲ类水限值
统计项		最低	最高	平均	变异系数/%	最低	最高	平均	变异系数/%	WHO 限值	中国Ⅲ类水限值
微量元素	Be	1.51	6.85	3.95	44.04	2.00	3.10	2.53	22.93	0.2	≤2
	Sc	1.56	6.71	3.79	107.70	1.70	2.55	2.06	19.57
	V	2.03	92.60	23.87	86.57	4.49	15.00	9.79	44.82
	Cr	9.73	80.00	40.19	43.11	18.40	23.40	21.02	11.47	50	≤50
	Co	0.09	0.62	0.23	56.73	0.06	0.26	0.16	56.19		≤50
	Ni	4.53	21.50	8.07	49.64	2.67	5.03	3.70	27.39	20	≤20
	Cu	16.90	70.60	32.64	43.48	13.30	22.10	17.12	24.97	2 000	≤1 000
	Zn	10.80	47.90	28.50	37.16	13.10	19.10	15.67	17.51	3 000	≤1 000
	Rb	0.89	5.62	2.64	51.89	1.31	1.96	1.62	17.61
	Sr	542	4586	2217	54.05	571	1 388	889	42.15
	Ba	12.10	74.30	31.53	44.40	31.30	65.30	49.53	29.87	700	≤700
	Mo	1.80	37.20	8.77	95.55	3.56	5.59	4.51	21.34	70	≤70
	U	6.09	40.80	22.29	46.16	4.99	19.40	10.59	61.47	10
	Pb	0.07	0.36	0.16	46.87	0.07	0.26	0.14	63.34		≤10
pH		6.82	8.30	7.66	5.00	7.95	8.60	8.35	3.56		6.5—8.5
EC		733	4 330	1 834	50.91	614	1419	930	39.14

元素	浅层水(N=11)			深层水(N=8)
元素	最低	最高	平均	最低	最高	平均
Be	2.36	7.04	4.50	1.51	6.35	3.41
Sc	2.87	20.90	5.51	1.56	6.71	3.49
V	8.20	92.60	24.82	2.03	39.30	20.24
Cr	23.60	80.00	44.11	9.73	56.00	32.27
Co	0.13	0.44	0.23	0.09	0.62	0.23
Ni	3.99	21.50	7.30	5.88	12.70	8.30
Cu	16.90	70.60	28.64	21.10	49.60	34.85
Zn	17.90	47.90	26.72	10.80	45.10	28.45
Rb	0.89	5.45	2.45	1.32	5.62	3.03
Sr	940	4586	2114	542	3825	2067
Ba	12.10	74.30	32.04	12.40	54.40	31.41
Mo	2.18	37.20	11.73	1.80	8.29	4.46
U	10.40	40.80	21.18	6.09	40.30	22.46
Pb	0.07	0.21	0.12	0.10	0.36	0.20

元素	浅层水(N=11)			深层水(N=8)
元素	最低	最高	平均	最低	最高	平均
Be	2.36	7.04	4.50	1.51	6.35	3.41
Sc	2.87	20.90	5.51	1.56	6.71	3.49
V	8.20	92.60	24.82	2.03	39.30	20.24
Cr	23.60	80.00	44.11	9.73	56.00	32.27
Co	0.13	0.44	0.23	0.09	0.62	0.23
Ni	3.99	21.50	7.30	5.88	12.70	8.30
Cu	16.90	70.60	28.64	21.10	49.60	34.85
Zn	17.90	47.90	26.72	10.80	45.10	28.45
Rb	0.89	5.45	2.45	1.32	5.62	3.03
Sr	940	4586	2114	542	3825	2067
Ba	12.10	74.30	32.04	12.40	54.40	31.41
Mo	2.18	37.20	11.73	1.80	8.29	4.46
U	10.40	40.80	21.18	6.09	40.30	22.46
Pb	0.07	0.21	0.12	0.10	0.36	0.20

主成分	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
pH	-0.259	0.863	-0.140	-0.025
Be	0.488	0.716	-0.082	0.247
Sc	0.124	0.719	0.362	0.365
V	0.927	0.118	-0.184	0.033
Cr	0.774	0.195	-0.152	0.082
Co	0.739	0.081	0.393	-0.113
Ni	0.881	-0.224	-0.088	0.185
Cu	0.882	-0.210	-0.252	0.049
Zn	0.814	0.043	-0.058	-0.170
Rb	0.463	0.078	0.301	0.485
Sr	0.841	-0.008	-0.068	-0.331
Ba	-0.127	0.031	0.851	-0.265
Mo	0.514	0.213	-0.130	-0.578
U	0.677	-0.224	0.563	-0.139
Pb	0.296	-0.575	0.049	0.538
特征值	6.289	2.361	1.598	1.338
方差贡献率/%	41.924	15.743	10.650	8.922
累积方差贡献率/%	41.924	57.667	68.318	77.240

The characteristics of groundwater trace elements and its controlling factors in Dunhuang Oasis

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References 42

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	Be	Sc	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Rb	Sr	Ba	Mo	U	Pb
Be	1.00
Sc	0.54	1.00
V	0.49	0.12	1.00
Cr	0.62	0.14	0.75	1.00
Co	0.38	0.35	0.54	0.49	1.00
Ni	0.29	-0.01	0.87	0.56	0.51	1.00
Cu	0.30	-0.06	0.83	0.53	0.54	0.90	1.00
Zn	0.42	-0.02	0.74	0.56	0.62	0.67	0.78	1.00
Rb	0.25	0.31	0.53	0.32	0.17	0.51	0.31	0.18	1.00
Sr	0.36	-0.05	0.72	0.67	0.59	0.62	0.73	0.69	0.24	1.00
Ba	-0.09	0.13	-0.27	-0.29	0.16	-0.15	-0.29	-0.06	0.09	-0.08	1.00
Mo	0.19	0.06	0.55	0.30	0.41	0.40	0.44	0.30	0.06	0.59	-0.02	1.00
U	0.07	0.05	0.51	0.49	0.70	0.50	0.41	0.55	0.39	0.58	0.32	0.21	1.00
Pb	-0.05	-0.12	0.13	0.08	0.29	0.48	0.44	0.10	0.14	0.10	-0.12	-0.21	0.21	1.00

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