The questionnaire to local residents response on the ecological water re-inflowing into the lower reaches of Tarim River has showed the following results. The above 90% of the interviewees considered that water re-inflowing has close relation with themselves and has favorable impact on their income, local economy and eco-environment; the 82% hoped continual ecological water inflowing in the future; more than 76% of families income increased after water re-inflowing. As for the response degree of the local residents to environmental change, almost 97% of residents will pay money or labor to support continual water re-flowing. The investigation results indicate that the local residents consciousness on ecological and environmental protection has been strengthened and the social benefit of ecological water re-inflowing are obvious in the lower reaches of Tarim river.