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中国沙漠 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 932-942.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00042

• 沙漠与沙漠化 • 上一篇    下一篇

降尘对中国北方主要城市光伏电站发电量的影响

孙家欢1,3, 王涛1, 薛娴1, 崔永琴2, 肖建华1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 寒旱区水文与水土资源研究室, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    3. 中国科学院大学, 北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-14 修回日期:2016-03-31 出版日期:2016-07-20 发布日期:2016-07-20
  • 作者简介:孙家欢(1985-),男,河南商丘人,博士研究生,研究方向为沙漠光伏发电.E-mail:sunjiahuan0370@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M572622);国家自然科学基金项目(41501008)

The Effect of Dustfall on the Power Output of Photovoltaic Plants Located in Major Cities in Northearn China

Sun Jiahuan1,3, Wang Tao1, Xue Xian1, Cui Yongqin2, Xiao Jianhua1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. Division of Hydrology and Water-Land Resources in Cold and Arid Regions, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2016-03-14 Revised:2016-03-31 Online:2016-07-20 Published:2016-07-20

摘要: 中国太阳能光伏发电在2010-2015年实现了飞速发展。降尘降低了光伏电池板表面玻璃的透光率,导致电池板的发电量下降。降尘对太阳能光伏发电影响的量化是预测光伏电站发电量的基础。以降尘相对较严重的北方(年均降雨量小于800mm)36个城市的光伏电站为研究对象,综合考虑温度、降尘、辐射等因素导致的光伏发电量损失,模拟了各城市光伏电站25年内的年均最大发电量。模拟结果显示:(1)36个城市平均年发电量为209.62±30.15kWh·5m-2,其中,发电量最大的城市是拉萨,最小的为西安,前者约为后者的两倍;(2)年降雨量100~200mm地区年发电量最高,其次为≤100mm的地区,200~400mm和400~600mm的地区发电量几乎相等,600~800mm的地区发电量最小;(3)降尘与电池板最佳倾角的关系可以忽略;(4)降尘导致的光伏发电量损失最大值发生在降雨量为100~200mm区域(5.32%),然后依次为≤100mm(5.21%)、200~400mm(4.46%)、400~600mm(3.29%)和600~800mm(2.09%)的区域。

关键词: 光伏电站, 发电量, 最佳倾角, 降尘

Abstract: In 2010-2015, photovoltaic (PV) plants were booming in China. Dustfall on PV modules may decrease the transmittance of its glass and cause a significant decrease of power output. Quantization of the power output losses by dustfall is basic to predict the power output. Based on irradiation, temperature losses, dustfall and other data, this paper model the annual power output of PV plants of 36 cities (annual precipitaion <800mm) in Northern China, where the dustfall is higher than southern China. The results show: (1)The mean annual power output of the 36 cities is 209.62±30.15 kWh·5m-2, with the maximal and minimal power outputs in Lhasa and Xi'an, respectively; (2) The dustfall almost have no effect on the optimal tilt angles; (3) The maximal power output losses by dustfall (5.32%) is obtained in regions where the annual precipitation is 100-200 mm, and the minimal power output losses by dustfall (2.09%) is obtained in regions where the annual precipitation is 600-800 mm.

Key words: photovoltaic plants, power output, optimal tilt angles, dustfall

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