线形沙丘研究进展评述与展望

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00092

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 线形沙丘不仅是地球上沙漠地区分布最广的沙丘类型之一，在火星、土卫六和金星等外星球也存在或可能存在。因此，线形沙丘可能是具有大气层的类地行星上分布广泛的一种风沙地貌。线形沙丘分布广泛，形态多样，某一理论不能合理解释其所有特征及其形态动力学机理，使其成为争议最大的一类沙丘。近年来随着新技术和新方法在风沙地貌研究中的应用，线形沙丘研究取得了诸多重要进展。以不同的研究主题为线索，对线形沙丘界定及分类、分布、物质组成、内部沉积构造、侧向移动、形成年代和形成假说等7个方面的研究进展进行了总结与综述，并对线形沙丘未来的研究前景进行了展望，认为在未来研究中应注重野外观测与室内实验分析相结合、与外星球线形沙丘的类比研究和新技术的应用等。

关键词: 风沙地貌, 风积地貌, 线形沙丘, 纵向沙丘, 塞夫沙丘

Abstract: As the most widespread dune type, linear dunes distribute in the major deserts on Earth. Meanwhile, extraterrestrial planets exploration indicates that linear dunes occur on Mars and Titan, and probably exist on Venus. Thus linear dune maybe the most widespread aeolian landform on the terrestrial planets encircled by atmosphere. One certain theory cannot justify all the characteristics of linear dunes because of widespread distribution and multiple morphological diversities, which accounts for too much controversy in linear dune formation. With the application of new techniques and methods in aeolian geomorphology research, the investigation of linear dune witnesses much important progress. This paper follows the research themes at different stages, comprehensively and thoroughly comment the research progress on linear dunes' definition and classification, distribution, material composition, internal sedimentary structures, lateral migration, formation date and theories. At last, this paper proposes the prospects of linear dune research in the future, and believes that future studies should pay more attention on the combination of field observation and laboratory simulation and analysis, analogy research with the extraterrestrial linear dunes, and the application of new techniques.

Key words: aeolian geomorphology, aeolian depositional landform, linear dune, longitudinal dune, seif dune

中图分类号:

P931.3

李继彦, 董治宝. 线形沙丘研究进展评述与展望[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(6): 1153-1165.

Li Jiyan, Dong Zhibao. Review and Prospect of Linear Dune Research[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(6): 1153-1165.

参考文献

[1] Folk R L.Longitudinal dunes of the northwestern edge of the Simpson desert,Northern Territory,Australia,1.geomorphology and grain size relationships[J].Sedimentology,1971,16(1/2):5-54.
[2] 董治宝,王涛,屈建军.风沙物理学学科建设的若干问题[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(3):205-209.
[3] 李志中.线形沙丘研究进展综述[J].干旱区地理,1995,18(3):87-93.
[4] Bristow C S,Bailey S D,Lancaster N.The sedimentary structure of linear sand dunes[J].Nature,2000,406(6791):56-59.
[5] Telfer M W,Bailey R M,Burrough S L,et al.Understanding linear dune chronologies:insights from a simple accumulation model[J].Geomorphology,2010,120(3/4):195-208.
[6] Lancaster N.Geomorphology of Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Routledge,1995.
[7] Rubin D M,Hunter R E.Why deposits of longitudinal dunes are rarely recognized in the geologic record[J].Sedimentology,1985,32(1):147-157.
[8] 董治宝,苏志珠,钱广强,等.库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[9] Bagnold R A.The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Chapman & Hall,1941.
[10] Capot-Rey R.Dry and humid morphology in the western erg[J].Geographical Review,1945,35(3):391-407.
[11] Price W A.Saharan sand dunes and the origin of the longitudinal dune:a review[J].Geographical Review,1950,40(3):462-465.
[12] McKee E D.Introduction to a study of global sand seas[M]//McKee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.Honolulu,USA:University Press of the Pacific,1979:3-19.
[13] Tsoar H.Dynamic processes acting on a longitudinal(seif) sand dune[J].Sedimentology,1983,30(4):567-578.
[14] Tsoar H.Linear dunes-forms and formation[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1989,13(4):507-528.
[15] Breed C S,Grow T.Morphology and distribution of dunes in sand seas observed by remote sensing[M]//McKee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.Honolulu,USA:University Press of the Pacific,1979:253-302.
[16] 朱震达,陈治平,吴正,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[17] Wasson R J,Hyde R.Factors determining desert dune type[J].Nature,1983,304:337-339.
[18] Hunter R E,Richmond B M,Alpha T R.Storm-controlled oblique dunes of the Oregon coast[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1983,94(12):1450-1465.
[19] 吴正.风沙地貌学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[20] 李志忠,关有志.纵向沙丘和横向沙丘模拟流场的实验研究[J].中国沙漠,1996,16(4):360-363.
[21] Lancaster N.Linear dunes[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1982,6(4):475-504.
[22] Bullard J E,Thomas D S G,Livingstone I,et al.Analysis of linear sand dune morphological variability,southwestern Kalahari desert[J].Geomorphology,1995,11(3):189-203.
[23] Yang X,Scuderi L A.Hydrological and climatic changes in deserts of China since the late Pleistocene[J].Quaternary Research,2010,73(1):1-9.
[24] Derickson D,Kocurek G,Ewing R C,et al.Origin of a complex and spatially diverse dune-field pattern,Algodones,southeastern California[J].Geomorphology,2008,99(1/2/3/4):186-204.
[25] Beveridge C,Kocurek G,Ewing R C,et al.Development of spatially diverse and complex dune-field patterns:Gran Desierto Dune Field,Sonora,Mexico[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(6):1391-1409.
[26] Lancaster N,Kocurek G,Singhvi A,et al.Late Pleistocene and holocene dune activity and wind regimes in the western Sahara Desert of Mauritania[J].Geology,2002,30(11):991-994.
[27] McKee E D,Tibbitts G C.Primary structures of a seif dune and associated deposits in Libya[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1964,34(1):5-17.
[28] Ewing R C,Kocurek G,Lake L W.Pattern analysis of dune-field parameters[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2006,31(9):1176-1191.
[29] Lancaster N.Development of linear dunes in the southwestern Kalahari,Southern Africa[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1988,14(3):233-244.
[30] Roskin J,Porat N,Tsoar H,et al.Age,origin and climatic controls on vegetated linear dunes in the northwestern Negev Desert(Israel)[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2011,30(13/14):1649-1674.
[31] Goudie A S,Allchin B,Hegde K T M.The former extensions of the Great Indian Sand Desert[J].Geographical Journal,1973,139(2):243-257.
[32] Qian Y,Wu Z,Yang H,et al.Spatial heterogeneity for grain size distribution of eolian sand soil on longitudinal dunes in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert[J].Journal of Arid Land,2009,1(1):26-33.
[33] Wang X,Dong Z,Zhang J,et al.Formation of the complex linear dunes in the central Taklimakan Sand Sea,China[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2004,29(6):677-686.
[34] Wu J,Guo F.Geomorphological patterns in a linear dune field and ages of the linear dunes in the northern Kumtagh Desert,northwest China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,66(8):2449-2457.
[35] Rubin D M,Hesp P A.Multiple origins of linear dunes on Earth and Titan[J].Nature Geoscience,2009,2(9):653-658.
[36] Hesse P.Sticky dunes in a wet desert:formation,stabilisation and modification of the Australian desert dunefields[J].Geomorphology,2011,134(3/4):309-325.
[37] Hesse P P,Simpson R L.Variable vegetation cover and episodic sand movement on longitudinal desert sand dunes[J].Geomorphology,2006,81(3/4):276-291.
[38] Hill S M,Bowler J M.Linear dunes at Wilsons promontory and south-east Gippsland,Victoria:relict landforms from periods of past aridity[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria,1995,107(2):73-81.
[39] Greeley R,Ardidson R E,Elachi C,et al.Aeolian features on Venus:preliminary magellan results[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(E8):13319-13345.
[40] Radebaugh J.Dunes on Saturn's moon Titan as revealed by the Cassini Mission[J].Aeolian Research,2013,11:23-41.
[41] Lancaster N.Linear dunes on Titan[J].Science,2006,312(5774):702-703.
[42] Ahlbrandt T S.Textural parameters of eolian deposits[M]//McKee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.Honolulu,USA:University Press of the Pacific,1979:21-52.
[43] Lancaster N.Grain size characteristics of Namib Desert linear dunes[J].Sedimentology,1981,28(1):115-122.
[44] Lancaster N.Grain-size characteristics of linear dunes in the southwestern Kalahari[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1986,56(3):395-400.
[45] Livingstone I,Warren A.Aeolian Geomorphology:An Introduction[M].Harlow,UK:Longman,1996.
[46] Livingstone I.Grain-size variation on a ‘complex’ linear dune in the Namib Desert[M]//Frostick L,Reid I.Desert Sediments:Ancient and Modern.Oxford,UK:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1987:281-291.
[47] Thomas D S G.Analysis of linear dune sediment-form relationships in the Kalahari Dune Desert[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1988,13(6):545-553.
[48] Warren A.Dunes in the Ténéré Desert[J].Geographical Journal,1971,137(4):458-461.
[49] Buckley R.Grain-size characteristics of linear dunes in central Australia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1989,16(1):23-28.
[50] Livingstone I,Bulllard J E,Wiggs G F S,et al.Grain-size variation on dunes in the southwest Kalahari,southern Africa[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1999,69(3):546-552.
[51] 李继彦,董治宝.火星风沙地貌研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):951-961.
[52] Edgett K S,Christensen P R.The particle size of Martian aeolian dunes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1991,96(E5):22765-22776.
[53] Sullivan R,Banfield D,Bell J F,et al.Aeolian processes at the Mars Exploration Rover Meridiani Planum landing site[J].Nature,2005,436(7047):58-61.
[54] Lorenz R D,Wall S,Radebaugh J,et al.The sand seas of Titan:Cassini RADAR observations of longitudinal dunes[J].Science,2006,312(5774):724-727.
[55] McKee E D.Sedimentary structures in dunes of the Namib Desert,south west Africa[J].Geological Society of America Special Papers,1982,188:1-64.
[56] 钱征宇,刘守勤.线形沙丘的风沙沉积特征与内部构造[J].中国沙漠,1994,14(3):25-30.
[57] Tsoar H.Internal structure and surface geometry of longitudinal(seif) dunes[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1982,52(3):823-831.
[58] Cooke R,Warren A,Goudie A.Desert Geomorphology[M].London,UK:UCL Press,1993.
[59] Tsoar H,Yaalon D H.Deflection of sand movement on a sinuous longitudinal(seif) dune:Use of fluorescent dye as tracer[J].Sedimentary Geology,1983,36(1):25-39.
[60] Besler H.Messungen zur mobilitat von dunen sanden am nordrand der dunen-Namib(Sudwestafrica)[J].Wurzburger Geographische Arbeiten,Heft,1975,43:135-147.
[61] Tsoar H.The dynamics of longitudinal dunes[M].London,UK:Final technical report,European Research Office,U.S.Army,1978.
[62] Livingstone I.Monitoring surface change on a Namib linear dune[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1989,14(4):317-332.
[63] Livingstone I.A decade of surface change on a Namib linear dune[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1993,18(7):661-664.
[64] Livingstone I.A twenty-one-year record of surface change on a Namib linear dune[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2003,28(9):1025-1031.
[65] Hesp P A,Hyde R,Hesp V,et al.Longitudinal dunes can move sideways[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1989,14(5):447-451.
[66] Rubin D M.Lateral migration of linear dunes in the Strzelecki desert,Australia[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1990,15(1):1-14.
[67] Tsoar H,Blumberg D G,Stoler Y.Elongation and migration of sand dunes[J].Geomorphology,2004,57(3/4):293-302.
[68] Rubin D M,Tsoar H,Blumberg D G.A second look at western Sinai seif dunes and their lateral migration[J].Geomorphology,2008,93(3/4):335-342.
[69] Bristow C S,Lancaster N,Duller G A T.Combining ground penetrating radar surveys and optical dating to determine dune migration in Namibia[J].Journal of the Geological Society of London,2005,162(2):315-321.
[70] Bristow C S,Duller G A T,Lancaster N.Age and dynamics of linear dunes in the Namib Desert[J].Geology,2007,35(6):555-558.
[71] Wiggs G F S.Desert dune processes and dynamics[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2001,25(1):53-79.
[72] Tsoar H.Profiles analysis of sand dunes and their steady state signification[J].Geografiska Annaler:Series A,Physical Geography,1985,67(1/2):47-59.
[73] Lancaster N.Variations in wind velocity and sand transport on the windward flanks of desert sand dunes[J].Sedimentology,1985,32(4):581-593.
[74] Livingstone I.New models for the formation of linear sand dunes[J].Geography,1988,73(2):105-115.
[75] 张家武,陈广庭,陈发虎.塔克拉玛干沙漠中部地区线形沙丘表面动力学过程[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(2):128-133.
[76] Wiggs G F S,Livingstone I,Warren A.The role of streamline curvature in sand dune dynamics:evidence from field and wind tunnel measurements[J].Geomorphology,1996,17(1/2/3):29-46.
[77] Werner B T.Eolian dunes:computer simulations and attractor interpretation[J].Geology,1995,23(12):1107-1110.
[78] Werner B T,Kocurek G.Bed-form dynamics:Does the tail wag the dog?[J].Geology,1997,25(9):771-774.
[79] Werner B T.Complexity in natural landform patterns[J].Science,1999,284(5411):102-104.
[80] Rubin D M,Ikeda H.Flume experiments on the alignment of transverse,oblique,and longitudinal dunes in directionally varying flows[J].Sedimentology,1990,37(4):673-684.
[81] Courrech du Pont S,Narteau C,Gao X.Two modes for dune orientation[J].Geology,2014,42(9):743-746.
[82] Reffet E,du Pont S C,Hersen P,et al.Formation and stability of transverse and longitudinal sand dunes[J].Geology,2010,38(6):491-494.
[83] Lancaster N,Singhvi A,Teller J,et al.Age and paleowind regime of linear dunes in the northern Rub Al Khali[J].Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs,2004,36(5):122.
[84] Zhou J,Zhu Y,Yuan C.Origin and lateral migration of linear dunes in the Qaidam Basin of NW China revealed by dune sediments,internal structures,and optically stimulated luminescence ages,with implications for linear dunes on Titan[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2012,124(7/8):1147-1154.
[85] Telfer M W,Thomas D S G.Late Quaternary linear dune accumulation and chronostratigraphy of the southwestern Kalahari:implications for aeolian palaeoclimatic reconstructions and predictions of future dynamics[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2007,26(19/20/21):2617-2630.
[86] Stone A E C,Thomas D S G.Linear dune accumulation chronologies from the southwest Kalahari,Namibia:challenges of reconstructing late Quaternary palaeoenvironments from aeolian landforms[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2008,27(17/18):1667-1681.
[87] Thomas D S G,Knight M,Wiggs G F S.Remobilization of southern African desert dune systems by twenty-first century global warming[J].Nature,2005,435(7046):1218-1221.
[88] Juyal N,Kar A,Rajaguru S N,et al.Luminescence chronology of aeolian deposition during the Late Quaternary on the southern margin of Thar Desert,India[J].Quaternary International,2003,104(1):87-98.
[89] Fujioka T,Chappell J,Fifield L K,et al.Australian desert dune fields initiated with Pliocene-Pleistocene global climatic shift[J].Geology,2009,37(1):51-54.
[90] Lomax J,Hilgers A,Wopfner H,et al.The onset of dune formation in the Strzelecki Desert,South Australia[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2003,22(10/11/12/13):1067-1076.
[91] Belknap R L.Some Greenland sand dunes[J].Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science,Arts and Letters,1928,10:191.
[92] Medlicott H B,Blanford W T.A Manual of the Geology of India[M].Calcutta,India:Geological Survey of India,1879.
[93] Melton F A.A tentative classification of sand dunes its application to dune history in the southern high plains[J].The Journal of Geology,1940,48(2):113-174.
[94] King D.The sand ridge deserts of South Australia and related aeolian landforms of the Quaternary arid cycles[J].Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia,1960,83:99-108.
[95] Barnard W S.Duinformasies in die sentrale Namib[J].Tegnikon,1973,5:2-13.
[96] Twidale C R.Evolution of sand dunes in the Simpson Desert,Central Australia[J].Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,1972,56:77-109.
[97] Verstappen H T.On the origin of longitudinal(seif) dunes[J].Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie NF,1968,12:200-220.
[98] Bagnold R A.The surface movement of blown sand in relation to meteorology[J].Research Council of Israel Special Publication,1953,2:89-96.
[99] Hanna S R.The formation of longitudinal sand dunes by large helical eddies in the atmosphere[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1969,8(6):874-883.
[100] Besler H.Untersuchungen in der Dünen-Namib(Südwestafrika)[J].Journal of the South West Africa Scientific Society,1977,31:33-64.
[101] Douglass A E.The crescentic dunes of Peru[J].Appalachia,1909,12:34-45.
[102] Lancaster N.The formation of seif dunes from barchans-Supporting evidence for Bagnold's hypothesis from the Namib Desert[J].Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie,1980,24(2):160-167.
[103] Clos-Arceduc A.Essai d'explication des formes dunaires sahariennes[M].Etudes de Photo-Interpretation.Institut Geographique National,1969.
[104] Tsoar H.The formation of seif dunes from barchans-A discussion[J].Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie,1984,28(1):99-103.
[105] Bagnolg R A.The sand formations in southern Arabia[J].Geographical Journal,1951,127:78-86.
[106] Lancaster N.Linear dunes of the Namib sand sea[J].Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband,1983,45:27-49.
[107] Fryberger S G,Dean G.Dune forms and wind regime[M]//McKee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.Honolulu,Hawaii:University Press of the Pacific,1979:137-169.
[108] Brookfield M.Dune trends and wind regime in central Australia[J].Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband,1970,10:121-153.
[109] Livingstone I.Geomorphological significance of wind flow patterns over a Namib linear dune[M]//Nickling W G.Aeolian Geomorphology.Boston,USA:Allen & Unwin,1986:97-112.
[110] Greeley R.Aeolian landforms:laboratory simulations and field studies[M]//Nickling W G.Aeolian Geomorphology.Boston,USA:Allen & Unwin,1986:195-211.
[111] Craddock R A.Aeolian processes on the terrestrial planets:recent observations and future focus[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2011,36(1):110-124.