1992-2015年中国沙漠面积变化的遥感监测与气候影响分析

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00044

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目前，关于中国全域年际分辨率长时间序列沙漠面积变化及影响机制的研究较少。利用1995-2015年全国土地利用数据对1992-2015年地表覆被数据中的裸地进行校正，并采用2000年和2002年腾格里沙漠遥感影像解译结果对校正后的沙漠面积的精度进行验证，同时分析不同大气环流区沙漠面积变化的气候变化影响机制。结果表明：1992-2015年中国沙漠面积减少了86 704 km²，东部季风区沙漠面积减少最明显，其次是青藏高寒区，西北干旱区减少最小，减少面积分别是46 109、23 470、17 125 km²。其中，东部季风区沙漠面积减少占比最为明显，达到18.13%。土壤湿度是影响西北干旱区和青藏高寒区沙漠面积年际变化的关键因素，降水、相对湿度和土壤湿度对东部季风区沙漠面积变化有直接影响，林业生态建设工程、退耕还林还草等措施也有一定关系。近20年来中国北方风力减小和人类保护可能是东部季风区沙漠面积减少的主要因素。

关键词: 中国沙漠, 面积变化, 遥感解译, 气候影响, 地表覆被数据

Abstract: Assessment of climatic change impact on desert/sandy filed has attracted a widely attention, however there has not an interannual time series of the desert/sandy filed variations of the recent years in Northern China. In this study we used 1 km-resolution land cover and land use data to calibrate the 1992-2015 CCI-LC data to obtain the annual variations of desert/sandy field in Northern China during 1992-2015. Accuracy of the corrected desert/sandy field area was verified by the interpretation results of the remote sensing images of Tengger Desert in 2000 and 2002. Then, forcing mechanism of climate change on desert/sandy filed area variations was analyzed. Our results show that the total desert/sandy field area in Northern China decreased by 86 704 km² during 1992-2015, the reduction of desert/sandy field area in East Asian Monsoon zone is the most significant in which 18.13% desert/sandy field turned greening, followed by the Qinghai-Tibetan High and Cold zone (reduced desert/sandy field area of 46 109 km²), and the Northwest Arid zone (reduced desert/sandy field area of 23 470 km²), respectively. Soil moisture in the Northwest Arid zone and Qinghai-Tibetan High and Cold zone is the key factor on controlling the interannual variation of desert/sandy field area. Precipitation, relative humidity and soil humidity have a direct impact on variation of the desert/sandy field in the monsoon dominated climate region, but the forestry ecological construction projects, restoring farmland to forests and grassland and other measures also have a certain effect on the bare dunes greening. Moreover we found human protection and the decrease of wind speed are the predominated factors that modulated the reduction of desert and sandy field in Northern China in the recent 20 years.

Key words: desert/sandy field in China, area variation, interpretation of remote sensing images, climate change effect, data of land cover

中图分类号:

P931.3

常茜, 鹿化煜, 吕娜娜, 崔梦淳, 李海宇. 1992-2015年中国沙漠面积变化的遥感监测与气候影响分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(1): 57-63.

Chang Xi, Lu Huayu, Lü Nana, Cui Mengchun, Li Haiyu. Variation of desert and sandy field in China on the basis of remote sensing analysis and the relationship with climate change during 1992-2015[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(1): 57-63.

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