石羊河流域人工防护林碳效益估算

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人工植被建设具有显著的碳汇作用，是固定CO₂以缓解气候变化的最有效措施。为揭示固沙造林对沙漠生态系统碳汇的影响，以甘肃省森林资源二类清查数据(2016年)为基础，应用CBP(Carbon Benefits Project)碳计量模型工具，研究了干旱地区石羊河流域人工防护林的碳效益。结果表明：石羊河流域人工固沙林当前总碳储量为0.81 Tg，价值2.03亿元；每公顷年固碳0.45 Mg，价值113.13元；在0~100 a时间尺度上，最大固碳潜力为2.19 Tg，价值5.51亿元。绿洲防护林当前的总碳储量是2.51 Tg，价值6.31亿元；每公顷年固碳5.2 Mg，价值1307.28元；在0~50 a时间尺度上，最大固碳潜力是3.03 Tg，价值7.62亿元。在0~100 a时间尺度上，石羊河流域人工固沙林的碳效益呈快速增长(0~25 a)-急速下降(25~30 a)-缓慢下降(35~100 a)的向上单峰型变化趋势。绿洲防护林的碳效益随林龄在0~50 a时间尺度上呈持续增加的变化趋势。固沙林的衰败死亡是降低人工固沙林碳效益的重要因素，随着年死亡率从2.5%降低到2.0%、1.0%、0%，39 a林龄的人工固沙林碳效益（总碳储量、碳密度和固碳速率）分别增长1.51、2.54、3.56倍。“退耕还林”措施显著提升人工固沙林碳效益，“退耕还林”66 667 hm²、133 334 hm²下39 a林龄的人工固沙林碳储量分别增长6.27、25.59倍，碳密度分别增长2.50、6.44倍，固碳速率分别增加2.67、6.67倍。因此，固沙造林是增加沙漠生态系统碳汇的有效措施，提升人工固沙林碳汇效益的主要途径就是保证其生长发育，避免衰败和死亡。为了避免将来变成典型的碳源，增加温室气体排放，石羊河流域人工固沙林亟待科学保育和重新恢复。

关键词: CBP碳计量模型, 碳储量, 固碳速率, 人工固沙林, 人工防护林

Abstract:

Artificial vegetation construction is considered effective options for carbon dioxide sequestration to mitigate the impact of climate change. Based on the CBP (Carbon Benefits Project) carbon measurement model, the efficiency of artificial shelter forest in Shiyanghe River Basin in carbon sequestration was studied using the secondary inventory data of forest resources in Gansu Province (2016). The results show that the total carbon storage of sand-fixing plantation in Shiyanghe River Basin is 0.81 Tg C, with a value of 203 million RMB. The annual carbon sequestration per hectare is 0.45 Mg, with a value of 113.13 RMB. The maximum carbon sequestration potential is 2.19 Tg C on the 0-100 years scale, with a value of 551 million RMB. The total carbon storage of oasis shelterbelt in Shiyang River Basin is 2.51 Tg C, with a value of 631 million RMB. The annual carbon sequestration per hectare is 5.2 Mg, with a value of 1307.28 RMB. The maximum carbon sequestration potential is 3.03 Tg C on the 0-50 years scale, with a value of 762 million RMB. On the 0-100 years scale, the carbon sequestration benefits of the sand-fixing plantation in Shiyang River basin changed significantly with the planting years. The carbon storage showed rapid growth (0-25 years), rapid decline (25-30 years), slow decline (35-100 years), with an upwardly unimodal-type change trend. The carbon sequestration benefits of the oasis shelterbelt in Shiyang River basin showed sustained growth. The death rate is the most important factor affecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the plantation in Shiyang River Basin. With the annual death rate dropped from the rates of 2.5% to 2%, 1% and 0, after 39 years, its carbon benefits are respectively 1.51, 2.54 and 3.56 times that of the original sand-fixing plantation in the 39th year. The management measures of Grain for Green Project can significantly improve the carbon sequestration efficiency of the plantation in Shiyang River Basin. With the Grain for Green Project progressing at the area of 66 667 hm² and 133 334 hm², after 39 years, its carbon reserves are respectively 6.27 and 25.59 times, its carbon density are respectively 2.50 and 6.44 times, its carbon sequestration rate are respectively 2.67 and 6.67 times that of the original sand-fixing plantation in the 39th year. Therefore, sand fixation afforestation is an effective measure to increase carbon sink of desert ecosystem. It is necessary to strengthen the management and protection of sand-fixing plantation and the restoration of degraded forest to maximize its carbon benefit and avoid becoming a typical carbon source in the future.

Key words: CBP (Carbon Benefits Project) carbon measurement model, carbon storage, carbon sequestration rate, sand-fixing plantation, artificial shelter forest

中图分类号:

S713

王新友, 马全林, 王耀琳. 石羊河流域人工防护林碳效益估算[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(4): 197-205.

Xinyou Wang, Quanlin Ma, Yaolin Wang. Carbon benefits evaluation of the artificial shelter forest in the Shiyanghe River Basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(4): 197-205.

图/表 9

图1 CBP模型工具的基本结构图

Fig.1 The overview of CBP model tools

图2 碳效益估算流程图

Fig.2 The flowchart of the estimation of the carbon benefits

图3 石羊河流域人工防护林分布

Fig.3 The distribution map of sand-fixing plantation in Shiyang River Basin

图4 石羊河流域各县（区）人工固沙林面积(数据来源：甘肃省森林资源二类清查数据)

Fig.4 Sand-fixing plantation distribution in counties/districts in Shiyang River Basin (Data from：Forest resources inventory data of Gansu Province)

表1 石羊河流域人工防护林树种组成

Table 1 Species composition of sand-fixing plantation in Shiyang River Basin

林种类型		面积/hm²	占林种比例/%	占总人工防护林的比例/%
乔木林	沙枣	6 808.72	55.98	13.23
	杨属	3 771.67	31.01	7.33
	胡杨	559.26	4.60	1.09
	榆树	483.89	3.98	0.94
	其他乔木	540.04	4.44	1.05
灌木林	梭梭	31 644.22	80.56	61.51
	花棒	2 894.59	7.37	5.63
	柠条	1 382.43	3.52	2.69
	柽柳	1 866.8	4.75	3.63
	沙拐枣	720.57	1.83	1.40
	枸杞	269.15	0.69	0.52
	其他灌木	540.04	1.28	0.98

表2 石羊河流域人工固沙林碳效益随林龄(0~100 a)的动态变化

Table 2 The dynamic change of carbon benefits in sand-fixing plantation over 0-100 years in Shiyang River Basin

种植年限/a	总碳储量/Mg	碳密度/(Mg·hm^-2)	固碳速率/(Mg·hm^-2·a^-1)	不确定度/%
10	-600 140	-13	-1.3	28
15	-900 208	-20	-1.3	26
20	-1 200 280	-26	-1.3	24
25	-2 195 448	-48	-1.9	17
30	-995 113	-22	-0.72	24
35	-892 566	-19	-0.55	23
39	-810 504	-18	-0.45	23
50	-584 770	-13	-0.25	23
60	-379 610	-8.2	-0.14	22
70	-174 529	-3.8	-0.05	22
80	30 638	0.67	0.01	22
90	235 794	5.1	0.06	21
100	440 947	9.6	0.1	21

表3 石羊河流域绿洲防护林碳效益随种植年限(0~50 a)的动态变化

Table 3 The fluctuation of carbon benefits in man-made farmland shelterbelt over 0-50 years in Shiyang River Basin

种植年限/a	总碳储量/Mg	碳密度/(Mg·hm^-2)	固碳速率/(Mg·hm^-2·a^-1)	不确定度/%
10	-730 934	-60	-6.00	23
20	-1 461 874	-120	-6.00	18
30	-1 983 658	-163	-5.40	17
40	-2 505 442	-206	-5.20	17
50	-3 027 228	-249	-5.00	17

表4 不同死亡率情景下人工固沙林的固碳潜力

Table 4 Carbon sequestration potential of sand-fixing plantation under different mortality scenarios

年死亡率/%	总碳储量/Mg	碳密度/(Mg·hm^-2)	固碳速率/(Mg·hm^-2·a^-1)	不确定度/%
2.5	-810 504	-18	-0.45	23
2	-1 226 025	-27	-0.68	24
1	-2 056 905	-45	-1.1	24
0	-2 887 784	-63	-1.6	22

表5 退耕还林管理措施下的人工固沙林固碳潜力

Table 5 Carbon sequestration potential of sand-fixing plantation under Grain for Green Project management measures

退耕还林面积/hm²	总碳储量/Mg	碳密度/(Mg·hm^-2)	固碳速率/(Mg·hm^-2·a^-1)	不确定度/%
66 667	-5 082 256	-45	-1.2	18
133 334	-20 737 708	-116	-3	21

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