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中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 114-121.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00024

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青海共和盆地固定支架式光伏阵列对阵内风场的影响

杨若婷1,2(), 牛清河3(), 屈建军3, 谢胜波3, 王彦奎3, 马超1   

  1. 1.天津大学 建筑工程学院,天津 300072
    2.国家电投集团青海光伏产业创新中心有限公司,青海 西宁 810000
    3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室/敦煌戈壁荒漠研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-03 修回日期:2022-03-21 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2022-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 牛清河
  • 作者简介:牛清河(E-mail: niuqh@lzb.ac.cn
    杨若婷(1991—),女,陕西西安人,工程师,研究生,主要从事光伏发电、光伏生态协同、多能互补以及综合能源等研究。E-mail: yang18629410435@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家电投集团统筹研发经费支持项目(KYTC2020GF10);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23060201)

Influence of fixed-stand photovoltaic array on wind field in Gonghe BasinQinghaiChina

Ruoting Yang1,2(), Qinghe Niu3(), Jianjun Qu3, Shengbo Xie3, Yankui Wang3, Chao Ma1   

  1. 1.School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China
    2.Qinghai Photovoltaic Industry Innovation Center Co. ,Ltd. of State Power Investment Group,Xining 810000,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification / Dunhuang Gobi Desert Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2022-03-03 Revised:2022-03-21 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-09-22
  • Contact: Qinghe Niu

摘要:

青海省共和盆地是中国最大的新能源基地之一,大规模光伏设施的建设对区域生态环境必然产生较大的影响。通过在光伏阵列内外建立风况观测断面,架设5套5梯度的自动气象站,实施同步监测,对不同风向条件下光伏阵列对阵内风场的影响进行观测研究。结果表明:(1)光伏阵列具有导向作用,使风向以顺光伏组串长轴方向的偏西风和偏东风为主。当旷野风向与光伏组串长轴方向夹角β≥45°时,光伏阵列内出现围绕光伏串的横向绕流,阵列内存在明显的双风向,且β越大,双风向特征越明显。(2)光伏阵列整体具有减速作用,且减速率随高度呈指数递增关系,但20 cm高度风速减弱作用具有很大的不确定性,甚至出现增强风速的作用。减速率随风向的变化呈三峰三谷的区间分布特征,三峰三谷区间的极大值出现在β=45°或β=67.5°处,极小值多出现在β=22.5°处。(3)受光伏组串北高南低的结构和光伏阵列内风程长度的影响,光伏阵列内风向和风速变化存在非对称性特征。光伏阵列对阵内风场的影响,一方面有利于光伏面板除尘,另一方面会增加阵内地表就地起尘的潜在风险。光伏场建设应更加注重光伏阵列内生态保护和修复,提高地表植被覆盖度,减少起尘量,提高发电效率。

关键词: 光伏阵列, 风向条件, 导向作用, 减速作用, 非对称性, 共和盆地

Abstract:

Gonghe Basin in Qinghai is one of the largest new energy bases in China. The large-scale construction of new energy facilities will have a great impact on the regional environments. In this paper, the influence of photovoltaic arrays (PVA) on the wind field is studied by establishing the wind observation sections inside and outside the arrays, setting up 5 sets of 5-gradient mobile automatic anemometer stations, and carrying out the synchronous monitoring. The results show that: (1) The PVA can change the wind direction in the array, and the wind direction is mainly westerly and easterly. When the angle β≥45° between the wind direction of the open field and the long axis of the PVA, there is a transverse flow around the PVA. (2) The whole PVA has the effect of weakening wind, and the rate of weakening wind increases exponentially with the height, but the weakening effect of wind speed at 20cm in height has uncertainty, even increasing the wind speed. The rate of weakening wind have a three-peak and three-valley pattern with the wind direction variation. The maximum rate appears at β=45° or β=67.5°, and the minima rate mostly appears at β=22.5°. (3) The wind direction and wind speed in the PVA are asymmetric due to the structure of the PVA with north-high and south-low and the wind path length. The dual-wind-direction characteristic of PVA and the wind-guiding effect of the lower part of the PVA are beneficial to the dust removal of PVA, but increase the potential risk of dust emission on the ground surface in the PVA. More attention should be paid to ecological protection and restoration in PVA to improve the coverage of vegetation, reduce dust emission and improve the efficiency of power generation.

Key words: photovoltaic array (PVA), wind conditions, wind direction guiding, wind velocity weakening, asymmetry, Gonghe Basin

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