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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 204-213.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.000112

• • 上一篇    

中国北方干旱半干旱区沙漠化治理对植被格局的影响

刘俊壕1,3(), 周海盛1,3, 郭群1,2,4()   

  1. 1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
    2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,国家生态科学数据中心,北京 100101
    3.华南师范大学 地理科学学院,广东 广州 510631
    4.中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院,北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-22 修回日期:2023-08-23 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 郭群
  • 作者简介:郭群(E-mail: guoq@igsnrr.ac.cn
    刘俊壕(2001—),男,广东梅州人,地理信息科学专业本科生。E-mail: 20192633055@m.scnu.edu.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(3217155);美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程专项(XDA23060205)

The effects of desertification control on the patterns of vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions of northern China

Junhao Liu1,3(), Haisheng Zhou1,3, Qun Guo1,2,4()   

  1. 1.Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
    2.National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
    3.School of Geography,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China
    4.College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
  • Received:2023-06-22 Revised:2023-08-23 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Qun Guo

摘要:

中国北方干旱半干旱区是全球变绿的重要贡献者,生态工程的实施是该区植被恢复的重要原因,作为中国北方重要的生态工程,沙漠化治理对植被年际变异的贡献有待研究。基于1982—2021年长时序植被指数(NDVI)、气象和沙漠化分布等数据,分析了北方干旱半干旱区不同自然单元NDVI时空动态变化及其影响因素在沙漠化区与邻近地带植被对照区的差异。结果显示:(1)1975—2020年研究区域沙漠化总面积先增加后降低,2000年沙漠化面积最大,表明2000年后沙漠化治理成效显著。(2)1982—2021年研究区内44.5%的面积NDVI显著增加,5.8%的面积显著减少,即研究区内植被恢复为主,主要分布在河套平原、科尔沁沙地、库布齐沙漠、毛乌素沙地、新疆南部和准噶尔盆地及天山。沙漠化区显著增加面积比例(45.7%)略高于邻近地带植被对照区(41.7%)。(3)1982—2021年沙漠化区年变绿速率(0.0055)显著大于邻近地带植被对照区(0.0036),该结果在2000年前后存在差异,2000年前沙漠化区年变绿速率(0.0043)显著小于邻近地带植被对照区(0.0056)。2000年后与整体结论一致,沙漠化区年变绿速率(0.0073)显著大于邻近地带植被对照区(0.0067)。(4)降水和空气比湿等水分因素是沙漠化区及邻近地带植被对照区NDVI变化的主导因素,个别自然单元风速影响因素更大,且NDVI与风速相关性较高。沙漠化区NDVI与水分的相关性较邻近地带植被区低,风速则相反。研究结果将为沙漠化治理成效的评估和未来沙漠化治理措施的改进提供科学依据。

关键词: 中国北方干旱区, 沙漠化治理, 变绿, 年际变异

Abstract:

China, especially the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China, is one of the leading contributors in global greening, and ecological projects has been thought as the main causal factors. As a key desertification-combating actions, the impacts of desertification control on vegetation temporal dynamics have not been fully clarified. This study analyzed the differences of temporal dynamics of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and its influencing factors between desertification vegetation and its adjacent zonal vegetation in arid regions of northern China. The results showed that: (1) Desertification in the study region initially expanded, peaked in 2000, and then reversed, implying desertification control worked after 2000. (2) During 1982-2021, NDVI in 44.5% of the study area significantly increased, while 5.8% of the study area experienced a notable reduction, suggesting a generally greening. The greening primarily occurred in the Hetao Plains, Horqin Sandy Land, Kubuqi, Mu Us Sandy Land, Southern Xinjiang, Junggar Basin and the Tianshan Mountains. More area in desertified areas (45.7%) showed remarkable increase than their adjacent zonal vegetation (41.7%). (3) Notably, the increasing rate after 2000 (0.0055 a-1) markedly greater than that of pre-2000 (0.0036 a-1). Moreover, larger increasing rate was found in desertified areas after 2000 but in adjacent zonal vegetation before 2000. (4) Precipitation and specific humidity were the dominant factors in both the desertification and their adjacent zonal vegetation, with wind speed exerting a more significant influence in some natural units. The correlation coefficient of NDVI with moisture was lower in desertified areas compared with their adjacent zonal vegetation, whereas wind speed exhibited a stronger correlation. Our results will provide a scientific foundation to evaluate desertification control effectiveness in the past and improve related measures in the future.

Key words: arid zone of northern China, desertification control, greening, temporal variation

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