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中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 262-274.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00072

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生态生计双赢的生态功能区生态补偿空间选择和补偿方式

邓晓红1(), 王雪晴1, 毛锦凰1, 李宗省2   

  1. 1.兰州大学 经济学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室/甘肃省祁连山生态环境研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08 修回日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-08-29
  • 作者简介:邓晓红(1985—),女,湖南沅陵人,副研究员,研究方向为生态经济与可持续发展。E-mail: dengxg@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42271288);国家自然科学基金区域发展联合基金重点项目(U22A20592);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR7RA505);甘肃省祁连山生态环境研究中心开放基金项目(QLS202001)

Spatial targeting and compensation mode of win-win payments for ecosystem services in ecological function zones

Xiaohong Deng1(), Xueqing Wang1, Jinhuang Mao1, Zongxing Li2   

  1. 1.School of Economics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands / Qilian Mountains Eco-environment Research Center in Gansu Province,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2024-04-08 Revised:2024-05-15 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-08-29

摘要:

空间选择和补偿方式是解决生态补偿核心内容“补给谁、怎么补”的关键。为实现生态保护和可持续生计双赢的生态补偿,提出了综合生态系统服务测算和生计资本评估的生态补偿研究框架,设计了考虑双因素的生态补偿空间选择方法——综合指数法;提出结合可持续生计框架,遵循发挥优势、弥补短板的原则,制定生态补偿方式。以属于重点生态功能区且入选国家生态综合补偿试点的迭部县为例展开研究。结果表明:高生态系统服务水平且低生计资本水平宜为双赢生态补偿的优先区;基于综合指数排序和聚类分析,可将迭部县各乡镇分为3类区域,匹配不同优先级,实施双赢的生态补偿政策,其中达拉乡是双赢生态补偿的优先区;迭部县属于自然资本丰富、其余四维生计资本缺乏的典型区,适度开发自然资本、发展生态旅游和特色林草经济可作为生态补偿方式的重要方向。本文提出的研究框架、设计的综合指数法和差异补偿模式可推广到不同尺度不同区域以促进生态补偿实现生态生计双赢。

关键词: 生态补偿, 双赢, 综合指数法, 空间选择, 补偿方式

Abstract:

Spatial targeting and compensation mode are the keys to solve the core content of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES): Who should be compensated and how. In order to realize a win-win PES on ecological conservation and sustainable livelihood, in this paper, we propose a research framework for projects of PES that combines ecosystem service assessment and livelihood capital evaluation, along with an analysis of the principles guiding spatial targeting and compensation modes for win-win PES. We took Tewo County, a national pilot and important ecological function zone, as a case study. A comprehensive index method was designed for spatial targeting. According to the principle "leveraging strengths and addressing weaknesses", we put forward differentiated compensation modes. The results show that: (1)Areas with high levels of ecosystem services and low levels of livelihood capital are prioritized for win-win PES. (2)Utilizing a combination of composite index ranking and cluster analysis, we classified the townships in Tewo County into three regions with varying optimization levels. Among these, Dala Township emerged as the top priority for win-win PES. (3)Tewo County is characterized by abundant natural capital but a deficiency in the other four dimensions of livelihood capital. Therefore, the prudent development of natural capital, the promotion of eco-tourism, and the development of distinctive forestry and grassland economies are essential directions for PES. The research framework, the designed comprehensive index method, and the differentiated compensation modes presented in this paper can be extended to different scales and regions to promote the realization of win-win PES, fostering a harmonious relationship between ecological conservation and sustainable livelihood.

Key words: payments for ecosystem services, win-win framework, composite index method, spatial targeting, compensation mode

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