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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 113-120.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00131

• • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱区植物水力传导与抗旱性研究进展

南益聪1,2(), 霍建强1, 韩高玲1, 周元贞3, 赵自强3, 张志山1()   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙坡头沙漠研究试验站/干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.甘肃农业大学 草业学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-06 修回日期:2025-04-27 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 张志山
  • 作者简介:南益聪(1998—),女,山西运城人,博士研究生,主要从事植物个体水力传导研究。E-mail: nanyicong23@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(U23A20223);CPSF博士后奖学金计划项目(GZC20232954);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF1306903)

Research progress on individual plant hydraulic conduction and its drought resistance in dryland

Yicong Nan1,2(), Jianqiang Huo1, Gaoling Han1, Yuanzhen Zhou3, Ziqiang Zhao3, Zhishan Zhang1()   

  1. 1.Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station / State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2025-03-06 Revised:2025-04-27 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30
  • Contact: Zhishan Zhang

摘要:

水分是干旱区植物生存和生长的重要限制因子,研究干旱区植物水力传导过程,能够明晰植物应对干旱胁迫的水分利用策略及其对水循环的影响。尽管大量研究已经探究了植物对干旱胁迫的响应,但关于系统探究植物根、茎、叶不同器官对干旱胁迫的响应和协调过程的研究较少。本文综述了国内外关于植物个体水力传导过程及其对未来气候变化的响应,结果显示:(1)植物通过改变其形态特征,如增加根冠比、降低植物高度和舍弃远端叶片和根系等来应对干旱胁迫。(2)根系常通过水力再分配应对干旱胁迫;干旱胁迫会导致植物木质部栓塞,植物木质部可通过改变其结构特征等应对干旱胁迫;植物叶片通过改变叶片结构特征、气孔开合等来应对干旱胁迫。(3)未来气候“暖干化”的区域变化大背景下,干旱区植物水力传导过程是否存在水力效率和安全之间的权衡存在不确定性,需要进一步采用模型综合研究。

关键词: 干旱区植被恢复, 水力传导, 根系吸水, 木质部导水, 叶片蒸腾

Abstract:

Water is an important limiting factor for plant survival and growth in dryland. Researching plant hydraulic conduction in dryland can clarify the water use strategies of plants in response to water stress and their effects on water cycle. Although numerous studies have explored the response of plants to water stress, few studies systematically focused on the response of different plant organs (root, xylem and leaf) to water stress. Therefore, this review presents the hydraulic conduction in individual plants and their response to future climate change at home and abroad, and the results show: (1) Plants cope with water stress by altering their morphological characteristics, such as increasing the root-to-shoot ratio, reducing plant height, and shedding distal leaves and roots; (2) Hydraulic redistribution occurs in plant root in response to water stress; Water stress causes embolism in plant xylem, which responds to water stress by changing xylem anatomical characteristics. Meanwhile, leaves adapt to water stress by altering leaf structural characteristics and stomatal regulation. (3) There is an uncertainty about whether there is a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety in plant hydraulic conduction process in dryland, under the regional climate change background of “warm and dry”, therefore, further model synthesis research is needed.

Key words: vegetation restoration in dryland, hydraulic conduction, root water absorption, xylem conduction, leaf transpiration

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