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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 149-158.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00090

• • 上一篇    

内蒙古光伏电站选址适宜性分区

张晓1(), 洪倩1, 王彦兵1, 董鹏2, 郭米山2(), 陈晓枫1, 宗亿宣1, 殷小琳2   

  1. 1.国网经济技术研究院有限公司,北京 102209
    2.中国水利水电科学研究院 泥沙研究所,北京 100038
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-20 修回日期:2026-05-18 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-11-02
  • 通讯作者: 郭米山
  • 作者简介:张晓(1993—),男,甘肃静宁人,博士,工程师,研究方向为输变电工程环水保。E-mail: zhangxiao_sgcc@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国网经济技术研究院有限公司自主投入科技项目(ZZKJ-2025-20)

Suitability zoning for site selection of photovoltaic power plants in Inner Mongolia

Xiao Zhang1(), Qian Hong1, Yanbing Wang1, Peng Dong2, Mishan Guo2(), Xiaofeng Chen1, Yixuan Zong1, Xiaolin Yin2   

  1. 1.State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 102209,China
    2.Department of Sediment Research,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China
  • Received:2026-03-20 Revised:2026-05-18 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-11-02
  • Contact: Mishan Guo

摘要:

协调光伏能源开发与生态保护之间的关系是沙戈荒地区可持续发展面临的关键问题。内蒙古自治区凭借丰富的太阳能资源和广阔的沙漠戈壁空间,已成为中国光伏产业发展的重点区域,在国家新能源战略布局中具有重要的战略地位。本研究以内蒙古自治区为研究区,构建了包含资源禀赋与生态约束双重维度的光伏电站选址适宜性评价体系。资源性因素选取年太阳辐射总量、年日照时数、年均风速、年降水量、植被覆盖度、坡度、坡向7项指标,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重;限制性因素选取自然保护区分布与土地利用类型2项刚性约束,依据相关法规进行二值化处理。基于ArcGIS完成单因子评价、加权叠加与限制性修正,将研究区划分为限制开发区、低适宜区、中适宜区与高适宜区4个等级。结果表明:年太阳辐射总量(权重41.4%)与年日照时数(权重27%)是影响光伏选址的核心资源因子。内蒙古光伏开发适宜性呈现显著的“西优东限”空间格局,高适宜区面积占比27.46%,集中分布于阿拉善盟及巴彦淖尔市北部的荒漠戈壁区;限制开发区面积占比68.71%,广泛覆盖东北部大兴安岭林区、东部草原带及南部河套平原等生态敏感区域。资源条件决定开发上限,生态红线划定约束边界,二者共同塑造区域开发潜力。建议高适宜区优先布局规模化集中式电站并同步实施生态修复,限制开发区严禁大规模地面开发。研究成果可为内蒙古自治区光伏产业宏观布局规划与生态管控分区提供前期筛选层面的空间决策参考。

关键词: 光伏电站, 选址适宜性, 层次分析法, ArcGIS, 生态约束

Abstract:

Balancing photovoltaic (PV) energy development with ecological conservation is a critical challenge for the sustainable development of China's desert, gobi, and wilderness regions. With its abundant solar energy resources and vast desert and gobi areas, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has become a key region for China's PV industry expansion and holds a strategically important position in the national new energy layout. This study developed a suitability evaluation system for PV power plant siting in Inner Mongolia by integrating both resource endowment and ecological constraints. Seven resource-related indicators were selected: annual total solar radiation, annual sunshine duration, annual mean wind speed, annual precipitation, fractional vegetation cover, slope, and aspect. The weights of these factors were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Two rigid constraints, namely the distribution of nature reserves and land use type, were selected and binarized following relevant regulations. Single-factor evaluations, weighted overlay analysis, and constraint-based corrections were performed using ArcGIS. Based on the integrated suitability scores, the study area was classified into four categories: prohibited development zones, low-suitability zones, medium-suitability zones, and high-suitability zones. The results showed that total solar radiation (weight: 41.4%) and annual sunshine duration (27.0%) were the core resource factors driving PV site selection. The suitability for PV development in Inner Mongolia exhibited a distinct spatial pattern, characterized by "high suitability in the west and strong constraints in the east." High-suitability zones, accounting for 27.46% of the total area, were concentrated in the desert and Gobi regions of northern Alxa League and Bayannur City. In contrast, prohibited development zones covered 68.71% of the area, mainly encompassing ecologically sensitive regions such as the Greater Khingan forest area in the northeast, the eastern grassland belt, and the Hetao Plain in the south. Resource conditions determine the upper limit of development potential, while ecological red lines delineate the ultimate constraints. The final development potential of a region is thus jointly shaped by its resource endowment and policy-driven ecological boundaries. It is recommended that high-suitability zones be prioritized for large-scale, centralized PV installations along with the simultaneous implementation of ecological restoration measures, whereas prohibited development zones should strictly avoid large-scale ground-mounted PV projects. This study provides spatial decision-making support at the preliminary screening stage for the macro-level planning of Inner Mongolia's PV industry layout and for ecological control zoning.

Key words: photovoltaic power plant, site suitability, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), ArcGIS, ecological constraints

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