Abstract: Human population, resources and environment are interdependent and interacted. This restrictionship can be seen in the semi-arid zone in eastern Inner Mongolia where the ecological condition is limited. Population growth brings unceasingly spread of desertification in eastern Inner Mongolia. Population growth causes a) decrease of average acreage of arable land for each man due to the reclaim of rangeland and abandonment of infertile farmlands;b) blind increase of animal number and over-loading of range-lands;c) insufficiency of energy fuel and d) uncontrolled cutting of herb plant.It is considered that the policy on family planning and birth control is one of the fundamental strategies arid suitable to the national situation in China and it should be carried out continueously. Furthermore, positive measures should be adopted to renew the degraded environment in the de-sertified areas.The improvement of environmental quality and the increase of human population carrying capacity of land are also the positive ways to fifl thegaps amongst the human population, resources and environment, It is suggested that the land use should be changed and its structure for cropping, reafforestating and animal grazing should be reorientated; the proportion of industry, trade and service interprises at small scale should be developed and rain-fed agriculture should be replaced with irrigation; poor management of land should be stopped.