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中国沙漠 ›› 1999, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 173-178.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

风沙流中颗粒跃移研究的某些进展与问题

杨保, 邹学勇, 董光荣   

  1. 中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所, 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:1998-04-10 修回日期:1998-06-18 出版日期:1999-06-20 发布日期:1999-06-20
  • 作者简介:杨保(1971-),男,博士生。研究方向为古气候重建和风沙物理学。
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院重大项目资助(KZ951-B1-206)

Advances and Problems of Study on Saltation Particles in Wind Sand Current

YANG Bao, ZOU Xue-yong, DONG Guang-rong   

  1. Lanzhou Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:1998-04-10 Revised:1998-06-18 Online:1999-06-20 Published:1999-06-20

摘要: 风沙流研究是风沙物理学的主要内容,研究方法上大致分宏观和微观研究两个方面。宏观研究着眼于风沙流的整体结构和动力学过程,微观研究侧重于单一颗粒的运动状态。宏观和微观研究相结合是解决风沙物理学中一系列问题的一条合理路线。但长期以来,由于在颗粒运动机理研究方面进展缓慢且不成熟,对联系宏观和微观研究的纽带——起跳粒子的运动状态分布的重要性认识不够,造成风沙流宏观研究和微观研究的严重脱节。本文综述国内外在这两方面的研究历史和现状,指出了现存问题和解决途径,并对风沙物理学的发展方向提出了一些建议。

关键词: 风沙物理学, 颗粒跃移, 运动状态分布函数

Abstract: The motion of particles on surface is made up of three fashions: creep, saltation and suspension. Saltation is most important among the three movement fashions not only because of the fact that saltation particles account for 75 percent of total transported sand mass bu t also that it is chiefly responsible for sand drift disaster. Meanwhile, the Physics of Blown Sand that takes saltation mechanism as the main research subject is not well established because of the limitations of researcher's knowledge and objective conditions such as backward experimental conditions and modeling techniques. Thus the theory of wind sand current can't been developed smoothly. Accordingly, the theory on wind sand can't been applied to practice effectively. Research on wind sand current is made up of macroscopic and microscopic studies. Macroscopic study aims at drifting sand flux structure and dynamic process, while microscopic study lays particular emphasis on the motion state of a single sand particle. Macroscopic study in connection with microscopic study is reasonable to solve a series of problems which exist in the Physics of Blown Sand. However, macroscopic study has been seriously divorced from microscopic study for a long time because of the immaturity and lack in realizing the importance of motion mechanism and parameter distribution of the lift off particles. In view of the facts above, the paper summarizes the research history and advances at ho me and abroad in the above mentioned aspects, and points out three present problems which are urgently necessary to solve: (1) The research on impact mechanism of particles needs strengthening so that perfect impact model is to be established gradually. (2) Macroscopic study should be connected with microscopic study through the distribution function in motion state of lift off sand particles. (3) Saltation model of particles needs to be perfected further.

Key words: The Physics of Blown Sand, The saltation of sand particles, The distribution functions of motion state

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