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中国沙漠 ›› 2003, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 300-305.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘肃砂田西瓜覆膜补灌效应研究

王亚军1,2, 谢忠奎2, 张志山2, 魏兴琥2, 李凤琴2   

  1. 1. 兰州大学 干旱农业生态国家重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2. 中国科学院 寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2001-10-23 修回日期:2001-12-18 出版日期:2003-06-20 发布日期:2003-06-20
  • 作者简介:王亚军(1964-),女(汉族),甘肃天水人,副研究员,主要从事农业生态和节水农业研究。E-mail:wang-ya-jun@sohu.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新项目(210069);中国科学院农办项目(NK十五-C-09)资助

Effect of Rainwater Harvesting for Supplementary Irrigationon Watermelon in Gravel and Plastic Mulched Field in Gansu

WANG Ya-jun1,2, XIE Zhong-kui2, ZHANG Zhi-shan2, WEI Xing-hu2, LI Feng-qin2   

  1. 1. The State Key Laboratory of Arid Agroecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2001-10-23 Revised:2001-12-18 Online:2003-06-20 Published:2003-06-20

摘要: 为证明集雨补灌对砂田西瓜是否有效,在甘肃省皋兰县进行了集雨补灌效应研究,结果表明:在西瓜全生育期,各处理的土壤水分呈波动性下降,0~120 cm土层含水量下降幅度在2.59%~4.13%之间,补灌量愈大,土壤含水量的下降幅度愈小。砂田西瓜全生育期耗水较少,不同补灌量处理的耗水量在175.9~218.9 mm之间,比小麦等大田作物低100 mm以上。灌水量对结瓜期的耗水量影响很大,灌水量增加,结瓜期耗水量增大。不同补灌量处理的西瓜产量差异达显著水平,随灌水量的增加,产量、单瓜重和采收瓜数相应增加。补灌量对西瓜的含糖量也有影响,补灌量低于45 mm,各处理之间含糖量的差异不大,补灌量为67.5 mm,西瓜含糖量降低4.4%以上。适量补灌可以提高西瓜水分利用效率,其中滴灌67.5 mm处理水分利用率最高,达到267.2kg·hm-2·mm-1,比不补灌处理提高17.0%。但随灌水量的增加,灌水效率降低,单方水产值减少。由于补灌对西瓜的产量、含糖量和水分利用率都有影响,只有适时适量补灌,才能即提高产量和水分利用率,又不降低品质。研究结果证明,砂田集雨补灌栽培西瓜是集雨水利用的一种较经济高效的方式,但最佳补灌量应控制在45 mm左右为宜。

关键词: 砂田, 西瓜, 集雨水, 滴灌

Abstract: The experiment was conducted to explore the effectiveness of harvested rainwater for supplemental irrigation on watermelon in gravel and plastic mulched field in Gansu,China.The results indicated that in watermelon growing period,soil water content(SWC) of all treatments tended to decrease with fluctuating;theSWC of 0~120 cm decreased by 2.59%~4.13%,the more irrigation amount,the less the SWC decreased.The total water consumption was smaller than that of the other field crops.The water consumptions of various treatments varied from 175.9 mm to 218.9 mm;the water consumption increased with irrigation amount increasing.The yields of various treatments were significantly different;the yield,average fruit weight and the number of fruit increased with the irrigation quantities.Besides,the irrigation quantity had influence on the soluble carbohydrate content of watermelon;when the irrigation quantity was less than 45 mm,the difference of the soluble carbohydrate content was little;but when the irrigation quantity was 67.5 mm,the soluble carbohydrate content decreased by 4.4%.Proper irrigation can promote water use efficiency(WUE) of watermelon;the treatment of 67.5 mm by drip-irrigation had the highest WUE,the WUE was 267.2 kg·hm-2·mm-1,which was 17.0% more than that of the no supplemental irrigation.However,with supplemental irrigation quantity increased,water irrigation efficiency and economic benefit of supplemental irrigation decreased.Proper supplemental irrigation can increase yield and WUE,and improve quality.The results demonstrated that harvested rainwater for supplemental irrigation on watermelon in gravel-mulched field was an economic and high-effective way of rainwater utilization;the best irrigation quantity is about 45 mm.

Key words: gravel-mulched field, watermelon, harvested rainwater, drip irrigation

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