膜下滴灌对梨树生长发育、果实品质及营养元素含量的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00070

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为筛选出甘肃中西部沙漠边缘区梨树高效优质栽培适宜的灌溉模式，研究梨树抗旱生理机制，选用9年生"黄冠"梨树，以常规漫灌为对照（CK），设计5种膜下滴灌处理（依灌溉时期和单次灌溉量，分为T1~T5），测定并分析了叶片和一年生枝条生长情况、果实产量和品质以及不同器官中营养元素的含量，综合评价不同处理的效果。结果表明：与CK相比，灌溉处理下叶片面积和叶绿素a、b含量无明显变化，但叶片的物质积累、失水速率、水分饱和亏缺均存在显著差异。灌水量与枝梢长度、粗度显著负相关，T5处理更有利于枝梢的生长。不同处理对营养元素含量的影响明显，T3最有利于促进叶片营养元素的积累，T2处理下果实中营养元素积累显著提升，并且灌水量与叶片中P含量显著负相关。T3、T4和T5处理单株产量与CK无明显差异，但果实品质性状差异较大，T5处理可溶性固形物含量显著高于CK，且品质性状综合评判值最大，而T3处理果实品质表现较差。因此，根据树体枝叶生长、果实产量和品质综合表现，处理T5（冬灌1次、每年滴灌9次，生长季节灌水量5 670 m³·hm^-2，年灌水总量7 340 m³·hm^-2）为沙漠边缘区梨园适宜的节水灌溉模式。

关键词: 梨, 膜下滴灌, 生长, 果实品质, 营养元素

Abstract: The study discussed the physiological mechanism of pear under drought condition and investigated the optimized water-saving irrigation model of pear orchards in arid and semiarid region of central and western Gansu.Five drip irrigation treatments (T1-T5) and flood irrigation (CK) had been conducted in a 9-year-old ‘Huang-guan’ pear orchard.The pear fruit yield,quality and nutrient elements content were measured at fruit mature stage,and the annual growth of shoots and leaf development were analyzed,aiming to evaluate the comprehensive effects of different treatments.Compared with the CK,there was no obvious change on leaf size and of chlorophyll-a,b content,but different treatments significantly affected the matter accumulation,water loss rate and water saturated deficit of leaves.A significant negative correlation was found between irrigation amount and shoot length/diameter,T5 promoted shoot growth better than other treatments.The nutrient elements content were significantly affected by different treatments,T3 could improve the elements content of leaves,and the accumulation of nutrient elements in fruits significantly promoted with T2.The irrigation amount had significant negative correlation with P content in leaves,but had no significant correlation with nutrient elements in fruit.Compared with the CK,there was no significant difference of fruit yield among T3 and T5,meanwhile T5 could significant promote SSC and the synthetic evaluation value reached a maximum.In conclusion,T5 should be the suitable water-saving irrigation model for the pear orchard of desert areas in consideration of quality and overall performance.

Key words: pear, drip irrigation under film, growth, fruit quality, nutrition elements

中图分类号:

S365

曹刚, 李红旭, 张铭, 刘小勇, 衡伟, 赵明新, 朱立武. 膜下滴灌对梨树生长发育、果实品质及营养元素含量的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(5): 1059-1067.

Cao Gang, Li Hongxu, Zhang Ming, Liu Xiaoyong, Heng Wei, Zhao Mingxin, Zhu Liwu. Effect of Drip Irrigation under Film on Growth,Fruiting Characters and Nutrition Elements Content of Pear Plant in Jingtai, Gansu, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(5): 1059-1067.

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