樟子松固沙林带间植被恢复及其对林草界面作用的响应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 调查了海拉尔市巴音岱林场不同分布格局、不同带间距的人工樟子松林带内植被恢复过程及物种多样性的差异,分析了林草界面生态学效应,研究了林草界面对带间植被自然恢复的作用。结果表明,宽的带间距带内物种多样性和生物量变化曲线出现了两个高峰,而窄的带间距带内只有一个高峰,说明该地区林带之间距离不应小于12 m;当林带之间距离为16~28 m时草本物种多样性出现最大值。植被恢复效果表现为带间距12 m差于带间距24 m,虽然都差于天然植被,但边际效应大大地加速了群落演替的进程。研究区樟子松林草界面边缘效应影响域为20 m, 其小尺度范围内生境异质性也很明显。行带式造林带间距离不应大于40 m,超出边缘效应影响域不利于带间植被恢复。

关键词: 固沙林带, 物种多样性, 自然恢复, 景观界面

Abstract: A survey of vegetation diversity and recovery process in different Mongolian pine fixing sand belts was conducted in Baiyindai forestry centre, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia, China. Its goal is to disclose the boundary ecological effect of forest and grassland, and clarify the effect of landscape boundary on vegetation restoration. The results show that there are two peaks of species richness and biomass change when the distance between neighboring forest belts was 24 meters; while there is only one peak when the distance between the belts is only 12 meters. Accordingly, the distance between belts should be no less than 12 meters. Herbage species richness and biomass will come into the maximum value when the distance between the belts vary from 16 meters to 28 meters. The vegetation restoration in the 12-m interval belt is poorer than that in the 24-m interval belt, and the vegetation restoration in the 24-m interval belt is poorer than that in natural vegetation. It show that the boundary effect accelerates the process of community succession. The boundary effect area of the pine forest belts is no more than 20 meters, and habitat heterogeneity is very obvious in the small scale. The duration of forest belt should not be more than 40 meters, otherwise the vegetation will be hard recovered because of not within the boundary effect area.

Key words: fixing sand, forest belt, species diversity, natural recovery, landscape boundary

中图分类号:

S727.23

姜丽娜;杨文斌;*;姚云峰;卢琦;杜敏;王琳琳. 樟子松固沙林带间植被恢复及其对林草界面作用的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(2): 372-378.

JIANG Li-na;YANG Wen-bin;YAO Yun-feng;LU Qi;DU Min;WANG Lin-lin. Vegetation Recovery in Mongolian Pine Sand-fixing Belts in Response to Boundary Effect of Forest-Grassland[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2011, 31(2): 372-378.

参考文献

[1]朱震达,吴正,刘恕,等.中国沙漠概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:74-89.
[2]朱震达,陈广庭.中国土地沙质荒漠化[M].北京:科学出版社,1994:14-67.
[3]刘媖心.沙坡头流动沙丘固沙植物引种栽培卅五年[J].中国沙漠,1991,11(1):24-31.
[4]杨文斌,卢琦,吴波,等.低覆盖度不同配置灌丛内风流结构与防风效果的风洞实验[J].中国沙漠,2007,25(5):791-796.
[5]杨文斌,赵爱国,王晶莹,等.低覆盖度沙蒿群丛的水平配置结构与防风固沙效果研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(1):108-112.
[6]王继和,马全林,刘虎俊,等.干旱区沙漠化土地逆转植被的防风固沙效益研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(6):903-909.
[7]沈慧,姜凤歧.辽西水土保持林土壤改良效应的研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(1):1-6.
[8]刘家琼.人工梭梭固沙林衰亡原因探讨[J].中国沙漠,1982,2(2):13-19.
[9]梁海荣,王晶莹,卢琦,等.低覆盖度乔木两种分布格局内风速流场和防风效果风洞实验[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1021-1028.
[10]杨文斌.杨树固沙林密度、配置与林木生长的关系[J].林业科学,2007,43(8):54-59.
[11]杨文斌.“两行一带”杨树丰产林的优势及效益分析[J].内蒙古林业科技,1997,3(3):5-9.
[12]杨文斌.科尔沁沙地杨树林密度、配置与林分生长过程初步研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(4):33-38.
[13]姜丽娜,杨文斌,卢奇,等.低覆盖度柠条固沙林不同配置对植被修复的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(2):180-185.
[14]韩士杰,廖利平,姜凤歧.关于森林界面生态学的思考[J].应用生态学报,1998(5):538-542.
[15]吴刚,李静,邓红兵,农林生态系统界面生态学初探[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(3):459-460.
[16]Holland M M.SCOPE/MAB technical consultations on landscape boundaries:report of a SCOPE/MAB work-shop on ecotones[J].Biological International,1988,17(Special Issue):47-106.
[17]王庆锁,王襄平,罗菊,等.生态交错带与生物多样性[J].生物多样性,1997,5(2):126-131.
[18]高洪文.生态交错带(Ecotone)理论研究进展[J].生态学杂志,1994,13(1):32-38.
[19]曹成有,蒋德明,阿拉木萨,等.小叶锦鸡儿人工固沙区植被恢复生态过程的研究[J].生态学报,2000,11(3):349-354.
[20]Niu W Y.The discriminatory index with regard to the weakness,overlapness,and breadth of ecotone[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1989,9(2):97-105.
[21]Mou C C,Luo J C,Wang X P,et al.Plant diversity of ecotone community between forest and marsh in Changbai Mountain[J].Biodiversity Science,1998,6(2):132-137.
[22]Mou C C,Han S J,Luo JC,et al.Analysis of environmental gradient and community of forest-swamp ecotone in Changbai Mountains[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(1):1-7.
[23]Connell J H.Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs[J].Science,1978,199:1302-1310.
[24]Huston M A.A general hypothesis of species diversity[J].American Naturalist,1979,113:81-101.
[25]Dial R,Roughgarden J.Theory of marine communities:the inter-mediate disturbance hypothesis[J].Ecology,1998,79:1412-1424.
[26]卫丽,高亮,杜心田,等.生物系统边缘效应定律及其在农业生产中的应用[J].中国农学通报,2003,19(5):99-102.
[27]Peng S L.Studies on edge effect of successional communities and restoration of forest fragmentation in low sub-tropics[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(1):1-8
[28]杨洪晓,王学全,卢琦,等.行带式柠条锦鸡儿林在内蒙古四子王旗退耕还草工程中的应用[J].林业科学,2010,46(11):36-42.