阿拉善地区湖泊岩芯磁性特征记录的全新世环境变化

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对居延海G36钻孔进行了系统磁性特征分析,并结合总有机碳含量和粒度等环境代用指标,在精确测年的基础上,探讨了居延海地区全新世时期以来的环境变化。结果显示,居延海岩芯磁性矿物主要存在于粗颗粒的沉积物中,载磁矿物为颗粒较粗的多畴磁铁矿;磁化率变化机制比较复杂,与干湿环境变化没有简单正（反）关系。根据G36沉积物环境代用指标的变化,大致可以将其分为4个干湿交替时期:6 700~4 600 a BP干旱时期,4 600~3 100 a BP湿润时期,3 100~2 500 a BP干旱时期以及1 800 a BP以来湖泊干涸。在这4个时期中,磁学参数记录了两次显著湿润事件和两次显著干旱事件。

关键词: 全新世, 环境磁学, 居延海, 阿拉善

Abstract: The Holocene environmental change of Juyan Lake in northwestern China was studied through combination of analyzing magnetic parameters of lacustrine core from G36 drilling hole in Juyan Lake, investigating total organic carbon content and grain size and other environmental proxies, and precisely AMS14C dating. Results show that most magnetic carrier minerals appeared in coarse sediments and the main magnetic minerals are contained in coarse multi-domain magnetite particles. The change mechanism of magnetic susceptibility is complicated and there is no simple positive or negative relationship between magnetic susceptibility change and environmental arid-wet change. Analysis of environmental proxies showed that the Holocene environmental changes of Juyan Lake could be divided into four arid-wet alternating periods: arid period in 6 700~4 600 a BP, wet period in 4 600~3 100 a BP, arid period in 3 100~2 500 a BP, and the lake drying up period since 1 800 a BP. In this four periods, two significant wet events and two outstanding arid events are recorded by magnetic parameters.

Key words: Holocene, environmental magnetism, Juyan Lake, northwestern China

中图分类号:

P532

刘宇航, 夏敦胜, 金明, 张俊辉. 阿拉善地区湖泊岩芯磁性特征记录的全新世环境变化[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(4): 929-937.

LIU Yu-hang, XIA Dun-sheng, JIN Ming, ZHANG Jun-hui. Holocene Environmental Change Recorded by Core Magnetic Properties of Juyan Lake, Northwestern China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2012, 32(4): 929-937.

参考文献

[1]Haworth E Y,Lund J W G.Lake sediments and environmental history[J].Leicester University Press,1984.

[2]王苏民.湖泊沉积的信息原理与研究趋势[M]//张兰生.中国生存环境历史演变规律.北京:海洋出版社,1993:22-31.

[3]Oldfield F,Dearing J A,Thompson R,et al.Some magnetic properties of lake sediments and their possible links with erosion rates[J].Polskie Archive Hydrobiologia,1978,25:321-331.

[4]Oldfield F,Barnosky C,Leopold E B,et al.Mineral magnetic studies of lake sediments[J].Hydrobiologia,1983,103:37-44.

[5]Hilton J,Lishman J P.The effect of redox change on the magnetic susceptibility of sediments from a seasonally anoxic lake[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1985,30:907-909.

[6]Thompson R,Oldfield F.Environmental Magnetism[M].London:Allen Unwin,1986:1-127.

[7]Yu L Z,Oldfield F,Wu Y S,et al.Paleoenvironmental implications of magneticts on sediment core from Kanming Basin,Southwest China[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,1990,3:95-111.

[8]夏敦胜,马剑英,王冠,等.环境磁学及其在西北干旱区环境研究中的问题[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):168-179.

[9]胡守云,王苏民,Appel E,等.呼伦湖湖泊沉积物磁化率变化的环境磁学机制[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(4):334-339.

[10]朱立平,王君波,陈玲,等.藏南沉错湖泊沉积多指标揭示的2万年以来环境变化[J].地理学报,2004,59(4):514-524.

[11]汪卫国,冯兆东,李心清,等.蒙古北部Gun Nuur湖记录的全新世气候突发事件[J].科学通报,2004,49(1):27-33.

[12]Dearing J A,Hu Y Q,Doody P,et al.Preliminary reconstruction of sediment-source linkages for the past 6000 yrs at the Petit Lac d’Annecy,France,based on mineral magnetic data[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2001,25:245-258.

[13]Oldfield F.Environmental magnetism-A personal perspective[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,199l,10:73-85.

[14]Snowball I F.Holocene environmental change in the Abisko region of northern Sweden recorded by the mineral magnetic stratigraphy of lake sediments[J].Journal of the Geological Society of Sweden,1996,118:9-17.

[15]Sandgren P,Snowball I F.The Late Weichselian shore-line displacement on the Kullen peninsula in NW Skim documented by mineral magnetic,geochemical and biostratigraphic analyses of lake sediments-preliminary results[J].Journal of the Geological Society of Sweden,1996,118:A69-A70.

[16]Herzschuh U,Tarasov P,W nnemann B,et al.Holocene vegetation and climate of the Alashan Plateau,NW China,reconstructed from pollen data[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2004,211:1-17.

[17]靳鹤龄,李明启,苏志珠,等.220 ka以来萨拉乌苏河流域地层磁化率与气候变化[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(5):680-686.

[18]庞西磊,胡东生.近22 ka以来吉兰泰盐湖的环境变化及成盐过程[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(2):193-199.

[19]夏敦胜,王冠,马剑英,等.兰州市大气降尘环境磁学特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(5):859-865.

[20]王丽,夏敦胜,余晔,等.北疆地区城市大气降尘磁学特征及其环境意义[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(3):699-705.

[21]Wünnemann B,Pachur H J,Li J J,et al.Chronologieder pleistoznen and holoznen Seespiegels chwankungendes GaxunNur/Sogo Nurund Baijian Hu,Innere Mongolei,Nordwestchina[J].Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen,1998,142:191-206.

[22]冯绳武.河西黑河(弱水)水系变迁[J].地理研究,1988,7(1):18-26.

[23]Tan Q X.The historical atlas of China.Vol.II,Qin Dynasty Period,Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties Period[M].Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1996:88.

[24]Provincial Atlas of Gansu[Z].Lanzhou,1975.

[25]金明.居延泽湖泊演化与全新世环境变化研究[D].兰州大学博士论文,2005.

[26]Jone B F,Bowser C J.The mineralogy and related chemistry of lake sediments[M]//Lerman A.Lakes:Chemistry,Geologysics.New York-Heidelberg-Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1978:179-235.

[27]Pettijohn F J.Sedimentary Rocks[M].New York:Harper and Row,1975.

[28]RobertsA P,Reynolds R L,Verosub K L,et al.Environmental magnetic implications of greigite (Fe3S4) formation in a 3 m.y.lake sediment record from Butte Valley,Northern Califoria[J] .Geophysical Research Letters,1996,23:2859-2862.

[29]Geiss C E,Banerjee S K.A multi-parameter rock magnetic record of the last glacial-interglacial paleoclimate from South-central Illinois[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997,152 (1-4):203-216.

[30]Hu S,Appel E,Hoffmann V,et al.Gyromagnetic remanence acquired by greigite (Fe3S4) during static three-axis alternating field demagnetization[J].Geophysical Journal International,1998,134(3):831-842.

[31]Mann S,Sparks N H C,Frankel R B,et al.Biom ineralization of ferrimagnetic greigite (Fe3S4) and iron pyrite ( FeS2) in magne-totactic bacterium[J].Nature,1990,343:258-261.

[32]Fassbinder J W E,Stanjek H.Magnetic properties of biogenic soil greigite (Fe3S4)[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1994,21:2349-2352.

[33]Rowan C J,Roberts A P.Magnetite dissolution,diachronous greigite formation,and secondary magnetization from pyrite oxidation:Unravelling complex magnetizations in Neogene marine sediments from New Zealand[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,241(1-2):119-137.

[34]Emiroglu S,Rey D,Peterson N.Magnetic properties of sediment in the Ría de Arousa (Spain):Dissolution of oxides and formation of iron sulphides[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2004,29:947-959.

[35]Lagroix F,Banerjee S K.Paleowind directions from the magnetic fabric of loess profiles in Central Alaska[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,195(1-2):99-112.

[36]刘秀铭,夏敦胜,刘东生,等.中国黄土和阿拉斯加黄土磁化率气候记录的两种模式探讨[J].第四纪研究,2007(2):210-220.

[37]张卫国,俞立中.长江口潮摊沉积物的磁学性质及其与粒度的关系[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(9):783-792.

[38]Maher B A.Magnetic properties of some synthetic sub-micron magnetites[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1988,94:83-96.

[39]Maher B A.Thompson R.Quarter climates,environments,and magnetism[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999.

[40]俞立中,许羽,许世远.太湖沉积物的磁性特征及其环境意义[J].湖泊科学,1995,7(2):141-150.

[41]陈敬安,万国江,张峰.不同时间尺度下的湖泊沉积物环境记录——以沉积物粒度为例[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(6):563-568.

[42]朱震达,刘恕,高前兆.内蒙古西部古居延-黑城地区历史时期环境的变化与沙漠化过程[J].中国沙漠,1983,3(2):1-8.

[43]Steffen Mischke,Dirk Fuchs,Frank Riedel,et al.Schudack.Mid to Late Holocene palaeoenvironment of Lake Eastern Juyanze(north-western China) based on ostracods and stable isotopes[J].Geobios,2002,35:99-110.

[44]查小春,黄春长,庞奖励.关中西部漆水河全新世特大洪水与环境演变[J].地理学报,2007,62(3):291-230.

[45]Guo Z T,Petit-Maire N,Kropelin S.Holocene non-orbital climaticevents in present-day arid areas of northern Africa and China[J].Global and Planetary Change,2000,26(1-3):97-103.

[46]Mayewski P A,Rohling E E,Curt Karlen J,et al.Holocene climate variability[J].Quaternary Research,2004,62:243-255.

[47]Booth R K,Jackson S T,Forman S L,et al.A severe centennial scale drought in mid-continental North America 4 200 years ago and apparent global linkage[J].Holocene,2005,15:321-328.

[48]An C B,Feng Z D,Tang L Y.Environmental change and cultural response between 8 000-4 000 cal a BP in the western Loess Plateau,northwest China[J].Quaternary Science,2004,19:529-535.

[49]An C B,Tang LY,Loukas B,et al.Climate change and cultural response around 4 000 cal yr BP in the western part of Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Quaternary Research,2005,63:347-352.

[50]Shen C M,Liu K B,Morrill C,et al.Ecotone shift and major droughts during the mid-late Holocene in the central Tibetan Plateau[J].Ecology,2008,89:1079-1088.

[51]唐领余,沈才明,李春海,等.孢粉记录的青藏高原中部中全新世以来植被与环境[J].中国科学(D辑),2009,39:615-625.

[52]Zhou W J,An Z S,Head J,et al.14C-dating and measurements of climatic proxy indices of loess sequence to record paleomonsoon variation on the Loess Plateau of China during the last 16 000 years[J].Radiocarbon,1991,33:259.

[53]Gasse F,Fontes J C,Van Campo E,et al.Holocene environmental changes in Lake Bangong basin(Western Tibet)[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1996,120:79-92.

[54]Zhou S Z,Chen F H,Pan B T,et al.Environmental change during the Holocene in western China on a millennial timescale[J].Holocene,1991,1:151-156.

[55]Dorofeyuk N I,Tarasov P E.Vegetation and lake levels in Northern Mongolia in the last 12,500 years as indicated by date of pollen and diatom analyses[J].Stratigraphy and Geological,1998,6:70-83.

[56]Petit-Maire N.Natural variability of the Asian,Indian and African monsoon over the last 130 ka[M]//Desbois M,Desalmand F.Global precipitations and climate changes.NATO ASI series,1994,126:1-26.

[57]陈发虎,吴薇,Holmes J A,等.阿拉善高原中全新世干旱事件的湖泊记录研究[J].科学通报,2004(49):1-9.