中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 41-54.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00168
收稿日期:
2022-11-27
修回日期:
2022-12-15
出版日期:
2023-07-20
发布日期:
2023-08-14
通讯作者:
高鑫
作者简介:
高鑫(E-mail: gaoxin@ms.xjb.ac.cn)基金资助:
Linyan Luo1,2(), Xin Gao1,2(
), Yongcheng Zhao1,2
Received:
2022-11-27
Revised:
2022-12-15
Online:
2023-07-20
Published:
2023-08-14
Contact:
Xin Gao
摘要:
目前对新月形沙丘表面流场尤其是涡流区的复杂流动结构缺乏全面的认识,新月形沙丘形态特征和来流风速对流场结构的影响需进一步研究。利用CFD数值模拟的方法,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,研究了在不同几何参数和来流风速下新月形沙丘表面的流场特征,重点研究了背风侧涡流区的流动特征及范围与沙丘几何参数和来流风速的关系。结果表明:新月形沙丘高度越高、迎风坡坡度越大,其尾流涡流区长度越长,长度为沙丘高度的5~7倍;来流风速对尾流附着点的位置影响较小,不同来流风速导致的涡流区长度为沙丘高度的6~7倍;来流风速越大,尾流保护区长度越短,沙丘对流场的干扰范围越小。本研究深入解析了流场对新月形沙丘形态的塑造作用,进一步从流场的角度印证了新月形沙丘翼角下游小新月形沙丘形成的成因。
中图分类号:
罗霖炎, 高鑫, 赵永成. 新月形沙丘表面流场特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2023, 43(4): 41-54.
Linyan Luo, Xin Gao, Yongcheng Zhao. The surface flow pattern characteristics of barchan dunes[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(4): 41-54.
网格 | 第一层网格高度/m | 网格数 |
---|---|---|
网格1 | 0.05 | 401 813 |
网格2 | 0.025 | 436 577 |
网格3 | 0.0125 | 614 183 |
网格4 | 0.00625 | 825 661 |
网格5 | 0.003125 | 1 213 342 |
表1 5种不同尺度的网格详情
Table 1 Mesh details at five different scales
网格 | 第一层网格高度/m | 网格数 |
---|---|---|
网格1 | 0.05 | 401 813 |
网格2 | 0.025 | 436 577 |
网格3 | 0.0125 | 614 183 |
网格4 | 0.00625 | 825 661 |
网格5 | 0.003125 | 1 213 342 |
不同沙丘高度 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高度/m | 迎风坡坡度/(°) | 迎风坡长度/m | 背风坡坡度/(°) | 背风坡长度/m | 翼长/m | 沙丘宽度/m | 摩阻风速/(m·s-1) |
1.20 | 15.00 | 6.81 | 34.00 | 1.78 | 4.80 | 12.00 | 0.50 |
1.60 | 15.00 | 9.07 | 34.00 | 2.37 | 6.40 | 16.00 | 0.50 |
2.00 | 15.00 | 11.34 | 34.00 | 2.97 | 8.00 | 20.00 | 0.50 |
2.40 | 15.00 | 13.61 | 34.00 | 3.56 | 9.60 | 24.00 | 0.50 |
2.80 | 15.00 | 15.88 | 34.00 | 4.15 | 11.20 | 28.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.60 | 15.00 | 20.42 | 34.00 | 5.34 | 14.40 | 36.00 | 0.50 |
4.00 | 15.00 | 22.69 | 34.00 | 5.93 | 16.00 | 40.00 | 0.50 |
4.40 | 15.00 | 24.95 | 34.00 | 6.52 | 17.60 | 44.00 | 0.50 |
4.80 | 15.00 | 27.22 | 34.00 | 7.12 | 19.20 | 48.00 | 0.50 |
不同迎风坡坡度 | |||||||
高度/m | 迎风坡坡度/(°) | 迎风坡长度/m | 背风坡坡度/(°) | 背风坡长度/m | 翼长/m | 沙丘宽度/m | 摩阻风速/(m·s-1) |
3.20 | 8.00 | 22.77 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 10.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 12.00 | 15.05 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 14.00 | 12.83 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 16.00 | 11.16 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 18.00 | 9.85 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 20.00 | 8.79 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
不同来流风速 | |||||||
高度/m | 迎风坡坡度/(°) | 迎风坡长度/m | 背风坡坡度/(°) | 背风坡长度/m | 翼长/m | 沙丘宽度/m | 摩阻风速/(m·s-1) |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.30 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.35 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.40 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.45 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.60 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.70 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.80 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.90 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 1.00 |
表2 CFD模拟实验参数
Table 2 Parameters of the CFD simulation experiments
不同沙丘高度 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高度/m | 迎风坡坡度/(°) | 迎风坡长度/m | 背风坡坡度/(°) | 背风坡长度/m | 翼长/m | 沙丘宽度/m | 摩阻风速/(m·s-1) |
1.20 | 15.00 | 6.81 | 34.00 | 1.78 | 4.80 | 12.00 | 0.50 |
1.60 | 15.00 | 9.07 | 34.00 | 2.37 | 6.40 | 16.00 | 0.50 |
2.00 | 15.00 | 11.34 | 34.00 | 2.97 | 8.00 | 20.00 | 0.50 |
2.40 | 15.00 | 13.61 | 34.00 | 3.56 | 9.60 | 24.00 | 0.50 |
2.80 | 15.00 | 15.88 | 34.00 | 4.15 | 11.20 | 28.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.60 | 15.00 | 20.42 | 34.00 | 5.34 | 14.40 | 36.00 | 0.50 |
4.00 | 15.00 | 22.69 | 34.00 | 5.93 | 16.00 | 40.00 | 0.50 |
4.40 | 15.00 | 24.95 | 34.00 | 6.52 | 17.60 | 44.00 | 0.50 |
4.80 | 15.00 | 27.22 | 34.00 | 7.12 | 19.20 | 48.00 | 0.50 |
不同迎风坡坡度 | |||||||
高度/m | 迎风坡坡度/(°) | 迎风坡长度/m | 背风坡坡度/(°) | 背风坡长度/m | 翼长/m | 沙丘宽度/m | 摩阻风速/(m·s-1) |
3.20 | 8.00 | 22.77 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 10.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 12.00 | 15.05 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 14.00 | 12.83 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 16.00 | 11.16 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 18.00 | 9.85 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 20.00 | 8.79 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
不同来流风速 | |||||||
高度/m | 迎风坡坡度/(°) | 迎风坡长度/m | 背风坡坡度/(°) | 背风坡长度/m | 翼长/m | 沙丘宽度/m | 摩阻风速/(m·s-1) |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.30 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.35 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.40 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.45 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.50 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.60 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.70 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.80 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 0.90 |
3.20 | 15.00 | 18.15 | 34.00 | 4.74 | 12.80 | 32.00 | 1.00 |
图3 不同工况下距离地表0.1 m处计算域中轴线上的水平风速分布(沙丘背风坡坡脚处为X轴的坐标零点)。A为不同沙丘高度工况;C为不同迎风坡坡度工况;E为不同来流风速工况;B、D和F分别为涡流区和保护区与沙丘高度、迎风坡坡度和来流摩阻风速的关系
Fig. 3 The horizontal wind velocity distribution of the axis of the calculation domain at 0.1 m from the barchan dune surface under different working conditions (The zero point of the x-axis coordinates is located in the leeward slope toe of the dune). A: Different dune heights. C: Different windward slope gradients. E: Different inlet velocities. B, D and F are the relationship between vortex zone and protected zone and dune heights, windward slope gradients and inlet shear velocities, respectively
图4 不同高度新月形沙丘的水平速度分布云图。A~J为距地表0.1 m处平面的水平速度分布云图;K~T为沙丘中轴线纵剖面的水平速度分布云图
Fig. 4 Cloud map of horizontal velocity distribution of barchan dunes with different heights. A-J are horizontal velocity distribution cloud map at 0.1 m from the surface; K-T are horizontal velocity distribution cloud map at the longitudinal profile of the central axis of the dunes
图5 不同工况下新月形沙丘的垂直速度分布云图A~C为不同沙丘高度工况;D~F为不同迎风坡坡度工况;G~I为不同来流风速工况
Fig. 5 Cloud map of vertical velocity distribution of barchan dunes under different working conditions. A-C: Different dune heights;D-F: Different windward slope gradients;G-I: Different inlet velocities
图6 不同迎风坡坡度的新月形沙丘水平速度分布云图。A~G为距地表0.1 m处平面的水平速度分布云图;H~N为沙丘中轴线纵剖面的水平速度分布云图
Fig. 6 Cloud map of horizontal velocity distribution of Barchan dunes with different windward slope gradients. A-G are horizontal velocity distribution cloud map at 0.1 m from the surface; H-N are horizontal velocity distribution cloud map at the longitudinal profile of the central axis of the dunes
图7 不同来流风速下新月形沙丘水平速度分布云图。A~J为距地表0.1 m处平面的水平速度分布云图;K~T为沙丘中轴线纵剖面的水平速度分布云图
Fig. 7 Cloud map of horizontal velocity distribution of barchan dunes under different inlet velocities. A-J are horizontal velocity distribution cloud map at 0.1 m from the surface; K-T are horizontal velocity distribution cloud map at the longitudinal profile of the central axis of the dunes
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